Evans C Egwim, Banso Aderotimi, Samuel O Adeyemo
Science Laboratory Technology Department, Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B. 55, Niger State, Bida, Nigeria.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2002 Apr;80(1):21-4. doi: 10.1016/s0378-8741(01)00378-6.
Different medicinal plants: Euphobia hirta (Eh); Citrus aurantifolia (Ca), Cassia occidentalis (Co), and Cassia eucalyptus (Ce), which are claimed by the Nupes of Bida in Niger State of Nigeria to be effective in the treatment of typhoid fever were collected. Ethanolic and water extracts were obtained by standard procedures. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed that alkaloids were absent in all the parts of Eh, Co, and Ca studied, but present in all the parts of Ce studied. Saponins were absent in the leaves and florescence of Eh, Ca fruits, but present in little amounts in Eh and Co roots. Saponins were present in large amounts in all the parts of Ce studied. Tannins were in little amount in all the medicinal plants studied, except in Ca. Glycosides were not present in any of the medicinal plants studied. The in vitro and microbial analysis showed that only Ce showed inhibition to Salmonella typhi growth. Ca plus 'Kanwa' (a locally mined, alkaline salt) showed inhibition only at a high concentration of 'Kanwa'. The MIC and MBC of Ce are 1 and 2 mg/ml, respectively. The paper concludes that, of all the medicinal plants claimed by the Nupes to be effective against S. typhi, only Ce contains the natural compound that can be used in the treatment of typhoid fever.
采自尼日利亚尼日尔州比达的努佩斯人声称对治疗伤寒有效的小米草（Eh）、酸橙（Ca）、西番莲决明（Co）和尤加利决明（Ce）。通过标准程序获得乙醇提取物和水提取物。初步植物化学筛选表明，在所研究的Eh、Co和Ca的所有部位均未检测到生物碱，但在Ce的所有部位均有发现。皂苷在Eh的叶和花期、Ca的果实中未检测到，但在Eh和Co的根中有少量存在。皂苷在Ce的所有研究部位中含量丰富。在所研究的所有药用植物中，除Ca外，单宁含量都很少。在所研究的任何药用植物中均未检测到糖苷。体外和微生物分析表明，只有Ce对伤寒沙门氏菌的生长有抑制作用。Ca加“Kanwa”（一种当地开采的碱性盐）仅在高浓度的“Kanwa”时才显示出抑制作用。Ce的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）分别为1和2毫克/毫升。该论文得出结论，在努佩斯人声称对伤寒沙门氏菌有效的所有药用植物中，只有Ce含有可用于治疗伤寒热的天然化合物。
