Risholt L P, Schilling W, Erbe V, Alex J
Statkraft Grøner AS, Trondheim, Norway.
Water Sci Technol. 2002;45(3):219-28.
Wastewater systems are traditionally built as static systems to handle a design load. The real load varies, though, and hardly ever equals the design load. This implies that wastewater systems hardly ever operate in an optimum way, especially during wet weather. Real time control (RTC) of regulators can improve the operation by better fit of the system to the actual state and load. RTC based on pollutant concentrations together with hydraulic conditions (pollution based real time control, PBRTC) is investigated in this paper to assess the potential pollutant load reduction on receiving waters at wet weather without expansion of transport or storage capacity. Both CSOs and WWTP effluents contribute to the pollutant discharges to receiving waters and both are considered. Three cases are studied to assess the potential benefit of PBRTC. Giving priority to the most polluted wastewater for treatment and storage in branched interceptor systems can reduce CSO discharge loads by more than 20%. Biological WWTPs and especially activated sludge plants are more complex and less stable than chemical precipitation plants during and after high pollutant and hydraulic load. Biological plants can hence profit more from PBRTC than chemical precipitation plants. Receiving waters that are sensitive to acute effects caused by intermittent discharges can benefit more from PBRTC than receiving waters with problems connected to long-term accumulation of pollution.
传统上，废水处理系统是作为静态系统来构建的，以处理设计负荷。然而，实际负荷是变化的，几乎从未等于设计负荷。这意味着废水处理系统几乎从未以最佳方式运行，尤其是在潮湿天气期间。对调节器进行实时控制（RTC）可以通过使系统更好地适应实际状态和负荷来改善运行。本文研究了基于污染物浓度以及水力条件的实时控制（基于污染的实时控制，PBRTC），以评估在不扩大输送或储存能力的情况下，在潮湿天气减少受纳水体污染物负荷的潜力。合流制溢流（CSOs）和污水处理厂（WWTP）的出水都会导致污染物排入受纳水体，本文对两者都进行了考虑。研究了三种情况以评估PBRTC的潜在效益。在分支截流系统中优先处理和储存污染最严重的废水，可以使合流制溢流排放负荷减少20%以上。在高污染物和水力负荷期间及之后，生物污水处理厂，尤其是活性污泥厂，比化学沉淀厂更复杂且稳定性更低。因此，生物处理厂比化学沉淀厂能从PBRTC中获得更多益处。对间歇性排放引起的急性影响敏感的受纳水体，比存在长期污染积累问题的受纳水体能从PBRTC中受益更多。
