Sherman Steven J, Castelli Luigi, Hamilton David L
Department of Psychology, Indiana University Bloomington, 47405-7007, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2002 Mar;82(3):328-42.
Five studies investigated the spontaneous use of group typology in encoding information about various social groups. Participants saw faces or behaviors along with a label indicating the group membership of the face or the behavior. Labels corresponded to 2 groups each of 3 group types (i.e., 2 intimacy groups, 2 task-oriented groups, and 2 social categories). Recognition results showed more within-group-type errors than between-group-types errors. A free-recall task replicated these results, as the sequence of remembering items showed that memory organization reflected the group typology. A final study investigated the effects of group typology on the speed and accuracy of category membership verification. Results demonstrate the spontaneous use of an implicit group typology and its influence on the cognitive organization of information about groups.
五项研究调查了在对各种社会群体信息进行编码时群体类型学的自发使用情况。参与者看到面孔或行为以及一个表明面孔或行为所属群体的标签。标签对应于3种群体类型中的每种类型的2个群体（即，2个亲密群体、2个任务导向群体和2个社会类别）。识别结果显示，组内类型错误多于组间类型错误。一项自由回忆任务重复了这些结果，因为记忆项目的顺序表明记忆组织反映了群体类型学。最后一项研究调查了群体类型学对类别成员验证速度和准确性的影响。结果证明了隐性群体类型学的自发使用及其对群体信息认知组织的影响。
