言语对视觉刺激选择的控制本质。
The nature of control by spoken words over visual stimulus selection.
作者信息
Dixon L S
出版信息
J Exp Anal Behav. 1977 May;27(3):433-42. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1977.27-433.
Eight retarded adolescents were trained to select one (a trained S+) of two visual stimuli in response to a spoken word (a trained word). Two different visual stimuli alternated randomly as the S-. To determine if the spoken work was merely a temporal discriminative stimulus for when to respond, or if it also specified which visual stimulus to select, the subjects were given intermittent presentations of untrained (novel) spoken words. All subjects consistently selected the trained S+ in response to the trained spoken word and selected the previous S- in response to the untrained spoken words. It was hypothesized that the subjects were responding away from the trained S+ in response to untrained spoken words, and control by untrained spoken words would not be observed when the trained S+ was not present. The two visual S- stimuli selected on trials of untrained spoken words were presented simultaneously. The untrained spoken words presented on these trials no longer controlled stimulus selections for seven subjects. The results supported the hypothesis that previous control by spoken words was due to responding away from the trained S+ in response to untrained spoken words.
八名智力发育迟缓的青少年接受训练，以响应一个口语单词（一个训练过的单词），从两个视觉刺激中选择一个（一个训练过的 S+）。两种不同的视觉刺激作为 S- 随机交替出现。为了确定口语单词仅仅是何时做出反应的时间辨别刺激，还是它也指定了要选择哪个视觉刺激，对受试者进行了未训练（新颖）口语单词的间歇性呈现。所有受试者在听到训练过的口语单词时始终选择训练过的 S+，而在听到未训练的口语单词时选择之前的 S-。据推测，受试者在听到未训练的口语单词时会远离训练过的 S+ 做出反应，并且当训练过的 S+ 不存在时，不会观察到未训练口语单词的控制作用。在未训练口语单词的试验中选择的两个视觉 S- 刺激同时呈现。在这些试验中呈现的未训练口语单词对七名受试者不再控制刺激选择。结果支持了这样的推测，即之前口语单词的控制作用是由于在听到未训练的口语单词时远离训练过的 S+ 做出反应。
Zotero 插件