Esch T
Mind/Body Medical Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center,Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
Gesundheitswesen. 2002 Feb;64(2):73-81. doi: 10.1055/s-2002-20275.
The significance of the modern stress concept for health behaviour and prevention.
METHODS/RESULTS: Many different definitions of the term "stress" exist concurrently. This observation is important for medicine because of the extensive and increasing use of this term in scientific publications. For a better understanding, the historical development of the stress concept and its association with the biopsychosocial model, with psychoneuroimmunology, mind/body medicine, and prevention/public health is illustrated. "Stress" is interpreted as a more general term that describes the effects of psychosocial and environmental factors on physical or mental well-being. Stressors and stress reactions are distinguished. "Stress" and health are related to health behaviour and life style.
The complex nature of the stress concept requires the actual use of constant definitions. Further, the individual or "subject" needs preventive medical support to strengthen his own capacity and self-care potential so that the balance between stressors and stress reactions, disease- and health-promoting factors is achieved. Thus, an integrative, resource- and capacity-orientated health care system is implemented. Moreover, letting balance be the target of intervention - and thereby reducing the negative impact of stressors/stress reactions on health - is a possible way of producing a modern, cost-effective, and partnership-like physician-patient relationship. Consequently, "stress" can be "healthy", a challenge, and thereby promote flexibility and transformation.
现代压力概念对健康行为及预防的意义
方法/结果：“压力”一词同时存在许多不同定义。鉴于该术语在科学出版物中的广泛且日益增加的使用，这一观察结果对医学而言很重要。为了更好地理解，本文阐述了压力概念的历史发展及其与生物心理社会模型、心理神经免疫学、身心医学以及预防/公共卫生的关联。“压力”被解释为一个更通用的术语，用于描述心理社会和环境因素对身心健康的影响。区分了压力源和压力反应。“压力”与健康和健康行为及生活方式相关。
压力概念的复杂性要求在实际使用中采用一致的定义。此外，个体或“主体”需要预防性医疗支持以增强自身能力和自我护理潜力，从而实现压力源与压力反应、致病与促健康因素之间的平衡。因此，要实施一个综合的、以资源和能力为导向的医疗保健系统。而且，以平衡为干预目标——从而减少压力源/压力反应对健康的负面影响——是建立现代、具有成本效益且类似伙伴关系的医患关系的一种可能方式。因此，“压力”可以是“健康的”，是一种挑战，从而促进灵活性和转变。
