Hassapidou M N, Manstrantoni A
Technological and Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, School of Food Technology and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, 54101 Thessaloniki, Greece.
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2001 Oct;14(5):391-6. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-277x.2001.00307.x.
Although there is a great interest in sports in Greece, there are very few data regarding dietary intakes and habits of Greek elite female athletes. The present study assesses the dietary intakes and the energy balance of elite female athletes of four different sports (volleyball, middle distance running, ballet dancing, and swimming) and a non-athletic control group.
Data were collected over two seasons, the training and the competitive, using 7-day weighed dietary records. Energy expenditure was calculated from 7-day activity records. Anthropometric measurements were also taken for all athletes.
Athletes and controls had similar BMI values. Per cent body fat was lower for athletes compared with controls. Between sports, middle distance runners had the lowest per cent body fat. No significant differences were found between mean energy intake of athletes and controls. Mean energy intake was found lower than calculated energy expenditure, for all four teams. Macronutrient and micronutrient intakes of the athletes were not statistically different from those of the non-athletic control group. Mean micronutrient intakes were found above the recommended values with the exception of iron. Both athletes and controls had a high intake of vitamin C that is a characteristic of the population of the Mediterranean countries.
Energy intakes varied between sports and between athletes of the same sport. Calculated energy expenditure was higher from the reported energy intake for most athletes. Athletes with the lowest energy intakes reported menstrual abnormalities.
尽管希腊人对体育有着浓厚兴趣，但关于希腊优秀女运动员饮食摄入和习惯的数据却非常少。本研究评估了四种不同运动项目（排球、中长跑、芭蕾舞和游泳）的优秀女运动员以及一个非运动员对照组的饮食摄入和能量平衡情况。
通过7天称重饮食记录，在两个赛季（训练季和比赛季）收集数据。根据7天活动记录计算能量消耗。还对所有运动员进行了人体测量。
运动员和对照组的体重指数（BMI）值相似。与对照组相比，运动员的体脂百分比更低。在不同运动项目中，中长跑运动员的体脂百分比最低。运动员和对照组的平均能量摄入量没有显著差异。发现所有四支队伍的平均能量摄入量均低于计算出的能量消耗。运动员的常量营养素和微量营养素摄入量与非运动员对照组没有统计学差异。除铁外，平均微量营养素摄入量高于推荐值。运动员和对照组的维生素C摄入量都很高，这是地中海国家人群的一个特点。
不同运动项目之间以及同一运动项目的运动员之间能量摄入量存在差异。对于大多数运动员来说，计算出的能量消耗高于报告的能量摄入量。能量摄入量最低的运动员报告有月经异常情况。
