Carvalho Alberto, Roriz Paulo, Duarte Daniel
Institute University of Maia (ISMAI), Castêlo da Maia, Portugal.
Institute Polytechnic of Maia (IPMAIA), Castêlo da Maia, Portugal.
J Hum Kinet. 2020 Jan 31;71:109-117. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2019-0076. eCollection 2020 Jan.
Knowledge of players' anthropometric profiles may contribute to a better understanding of the differences between their performance levels. For example, vertical jump height, which is a major indicator of a volleyball player's performance, is influenced by favorable anthropometric variables. This study's aim was to describe anthropometric profiles of elite female volleyball players competing in the 1 and 2 divisions in Portugal and to link these profiles with performance skills such as jump height obtained during blocking and spiking actions. Fifty-nine volleyball players were analyzed according to their competitive level, forming three independent groups: GA (n = 20, A1 division, ranked first), GB (n = 21, A1 division, ranked last) and GC (n = 18, A2 division). Anthropometric data collected included body mass and height, arm span, seven skinfolds (triceps, biceps, subscapular, suprailiac, abdominal, thigh and calf), four body perimeters (relaxed brachial, contracted brachial, thigh and calf), and two body diameters (humeral and femoral). Performance data included the height obtained during block and spike actions. Significant differences were found between groups (GA/GB from A1 and GC from A2). Players in the GA had the highest body mass (68.05 ± 6.62 kg, p < 0.05), body height (176.35 ± 6.21 cm, p < 0.05), arm span (177.59 ± 6.09 cm, p < 0.05), lean mass (53.51 ± 4.94 kg, p < 0.05) and vertical jump heights (block: 0.36 ± 0.06 m and spike: 0.43 ± 0.05 m, p < 0.05). As expected, the fat mass percentage of GA players was the lowest (21.30 ± 2.61%). The results suggest that anthropometric profiles of volleyball players may vary according to the competitive level. The higher body mass, body height, arm span, and lean mass presented by GA players in comparison with GC players suggest these variables are important for top-level performance, since these athletes also exhibited higher jump heights. Variables such as height and arm span have a considerable genetic influence and could be important for early talent identification in volleyball. Other variables such as body mass, lean mass and vertical jump performance are more complex, since they also reflect the effects of environmental and training conditions.
了解运动员的人体测量学特征，可能有助于更好地理解他们在表现水平上的差异。例如，垂直跳跃高度是排球运动员表现的一个主要指标，它受到有利的人体测量学变量的影响。本研究的目的是描述参加葡萄牙甲级和乙级联赛的精英女子排球运动员的人体测量学特征，并将这些特征与拦网和扣球动作中获得的跳跃高度等表现技能联系起来。根据竞技水平对59名排球运动员进行分析，形成三个独立的组：GA组（n = 20，甲级联赛，排名第一）、GB组（n = 21，甲级联赛，排名最后）和GC组（n = 18，乙级联赛）。收集的人体测量数据包括体重和身高、臂展、七处皮褶厚度（肱三头肌、肱二头肌、肩胛下、髂嵴上、腹部、大腿和小腿）、四处身体周长（放松时的上臂、收缩时的上臂、大腿和小腿）以及两处身体直径（肱骨和股骨）。表现数据包括拦网和扣球动作中获得的高度。在各小组之间发现了显著差异（甲级联赛的GA/GB组和乙级联赛的GC组）。GA组的运动员体重最高（68.05±6.62千克，p < 0.05）、身高最高（176.35±6.21厘米，p < 0.05）、臂展最长（177.59±6.09厘米，p < 0.05）、瘦体重最大（53.51±4.94千克，p < 0.05）且垂直跳跃高度最高（拦网：0.36±0.06米，扣球：0.43±0.05米，p < 0.05）。正如预期的那样，GA组运动员的体脂百分比最低（21.30±2.61%）。结果表明，排球运动员的人体测量学特征可能因竞技水平而异。与GC组运动员相比，GA组运动员更高的体重、身高、臂展和瘦体重表明这些变量对于顶级表现很重要，因为这些运动员也表现出更高的跳跃高度。身高和臂展等变量有相当大的遗传影响，可能对排球早期人才识别很重要。其他变量，如体重、瘦体重和垂直跳跃表现则更为复杂，因为它们也反映了环境和训练条件的影响。
