Stanger Catherine, Kamon Jody, Dumenci Levent, Higgins Stephen T, Bickel Warren K, Grabowski John, Amass Leslie
Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401-3456, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2002 Apr 1;66(2):199-212. doi: 10.1016/s0376-8716(01)00201-0.
We tested associations in structural models among parent individual problems (severity of drug problems, medical problems, psychiatric symptoms), family problems, and children's internalizing and externalizing problems. Results were compared for cocaine versus opiate dependent parents, mothers versus fathers, boys versus girls, and older versus younger children. Cocaine and opiate dependent parents in treatment (N=211) were interviewed about their substance use, psychiatric symptoms, and interpersonal problems and completed a measure of family problems. Parents also rated children's internalizing and externalizing problems. In structural models controlling for the significant correlations between parent and family problems and between children's internalizing and externalizing problems, family problems but not individual parent problems predicted children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Models were similar across all groups compared with the exception of parent gender, with significant relations between parent and family problems for mothers but not for fathers. In addition, older girls were more deviant relative to their same-age and gender peers than the younger girls and boys. These results suggest that the personal problems of drug dependent mothers may influence children's problems indirectly by increasing family problems. For drug dependent fathers, family problems were an independent predictor of children's problems.
我们在结构模型中测试了父母个人问题（药物问题严重程度、医疗问题、精神症状）、家庭问题与儿童内化及外化问题之间的关联。比较了可卡因依赖型父母与阿片类药物依赖型父母、母亲与父亲、男孩与女孩以及年龄较大儿童与年龄较小儿童的结果。对接受治疗的可卡因和阿片类药物依赖型父母（N = 211）进行了访谈，了解他们的物质使用情况、精神症状和人际关系问题，并完成了一项家庭问题测量。父母还对孩子的内化和外化问题进行了评分。在控制了父母与家庭问题之间以及儿童内化与外化问题之间显著相关性的结构模型中，家庭问题而非父母个人问题预测了儿童的内化和外化症状。除了父母性别外，所有组的模型都相似，母亲的父母与家庭问题之间存在显著关系，而父亲则不存在。此外，与同龄和同性别的同龄人相比，年龄较大的女孩比年龄较小的女孩和男孩更偏离常态。这些结果表明，药物依赖型母亲的个人问题可能通过增加家庭问题间接影响孩子的问题。对于药物依赖型父亲来说，家庭问题是孩子问题的独立预测因素。
