Wang Ke-Xia, Li Chao-Pin, Wang Jian, Pan Bo-Rong
Department of Aetiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Huainan Institute of Technology, Huainan 232001, Anhui Province, China.
World J Gastroenterol. 2002 Apr;8(2):371-4. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v8.i2.371.
To provide scientific evidence for prevention and controlling of cryptosporidiosis, the infection of Cryptosporidium parvum and its epidemiological characteristics were studied in some areas of Anhui Province.
The oocyst of Cryptosporidium parvum in 5421 fresh stool samples from eleven areas of Anhui Province was tested by auramine-phenol stain and improved anti-acid stain respectively. The specific antibody of IgG, IgM and T subsets of 41 patients with positive Cryptosporidium parvum in stools were detected by ELISA and biotin-streptavidin (BSA) respectively.
The total infective rate of Cryptosporidium parvum was 1.33% (74/5421). Among them, the positive rates of oocyst in the areas of Huaibei (1.82%) and Fuyang (1.80%) were higher. The positive rates of oocyst in stools of infants, pupils, middle school students, college students, adults, patients with diarrhea, and those with immunodeficiency were 3.15%(28/889), 0.82% (9/1098), 0.82%(9/1092), 0.83%(8/969), 0.85% (9/1095), 2.88%(8/278) and 8.33%(3/36)% respectively. The positive rates of oocyst in infants and the patients with diarrhea and immunodeficiency were significantly higher than those in controls (P<0.01). The positive rate of oocyst in males was similar to that in females (P>0.05). The positive rate of oocyst in urban areas (1.13%) was significantly lower than those in rural areas (1.72%, P<0.01). The positive rates of specific IgG, IgM and IgG+IgM in sera of the patients with positive oocyst in stool were 63.4% (26/41), 17.1% (7/41), 19.5% (8/41) respectively. The number fractions of T subsets of CD(3)(+), CD(4)(+), CD(8)(+) and CD(4)(+)/CD(8)(+) of the patients were 0.66+/-0.07, 0.44+/-0.06, 0.28+/-0.04 and 1.58+/-0.32 respectively. The difference between the patients and the controls was significant (P<0.05). The main manifestations of the patients were subclinical infection, in forms of slight abdominal pain, mild diarrhea, and loose stool.
There are two infection peaks in infection of Cryptosporidium parvum and its infection can be found more often in infants, patients with diarrhea or immunodeficiency, and in rural areas. Subclinical infection is the main manifestation and might be easily misdiagnosed. When the therapeutic effectiveness is low for diarrhea, the infection of Cryptosporidium parvum should be considered, concerning their age and immune function.
为隐孢子虫病的防控提供科学依据，对安徽省部分地区微小隐孢子虫感染情况及其流行病学特征进行研究。
分别采用金胺 - 酚染色法和改良抗酸染色法对安徽省11个地区5421份新鲜粪便标本中的微小隐孢子虫卵囊进行检测。采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）和生物素 - 链霉亲和素（BSA）法分别检测41例粪便微小隐孢子虫阳性患者的IgG、IgM特异性抗体及T淋巴细胞亚群。
微小隐孢子虫总感染率为1.33%（74/5421）。其中，淮北地区（1.82%）和阜阳地区（1.80%）的卵囊阳性率较高。婴幼儿、小学生、中学生、大学生、成年人、腹泻患者及免疫功能低下者粪便中卵囊阳性率分别为3.15%（28/889）、0.82%（9/1098）、0.82%（9/1092）、0.83%（8/969）、0.85%（9/1095）、2.88%（8/278）和8.33%（3/36）。婴幼儿、腹泻患者及免疫功能低下者卵囊阳性率显著高于对照组（P<0.01）。男性卵囊阳性率与女性相似（P>0.05）。城区卵囊阳性率（1.13%）显著低于农村地区（1.72%，P<0.01）。粪便卵囊阳性患者血清中特异性IgG、IgM及IgG + IgM阳性率分别为63.4%（26/41）、17.1%（7/41）、19.5%（8/41）。患者CD(3)(+)、CD(4)(+)、CD(8)(+)及CD(4)(+)/CD(8)(+) T淋巴细胞亚群的数量分数分别为0.66±0.07、0.44±0.06、0.28±0.04和1.58±0.32。患者与对照组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。患者主要表现为亚临床感染，症状为轻微腹痛、轻度腹泻及稀便。
微小隐孢子虫感染存在两个感染高峰，在婴幼儿、腹泻患者或免疫功能低下者及农村地区感染更为常见。亚临床感染是主要表现，易被误诊。腹泻治疗效果不佳时，应结合患者年龄及免疫功能考虑微小隐孢子虫感染。
