Kayton L, Koh S D
J Nerv Ment Dis. 1975 Dec;161(6):412-20. doi: 10.1097/00005053-197512000-00005.
The affective disorder in schizophrenia is an important manifestation of the schizophrenic illness. Such clinical features of joylessness, interpersonal aversion, and affective blunting have been considered by Rado and Meehl to represent a neurophysiological deficit in pleasure capacity which they termed anhedonia, but is more aptly characterized by the term hypohedonia. A free-recall task employing 24 affectively laden words presented in random order over nine trials was given to a carefully selected group of nonpsychotic hospitalized schizophrenics, hospitalized nonschizophrenics, and normals. The results of the study demonstrate that normals remember pleasant words to a significantly greater extent than upleasant words. This Pollyanna tendency or the tendency to utilize pleasant words over upleasant words has been described by Osgood as a stable cross-cultural phenomenon. By contrast, the schizophrenics show a significantly lower recall of pleasant words when compared with normals, although they remember unpleasant words to a comparable degree as normals. These findings provide experimental support for the hypohedonia hypothesis in schizophrenia. The nonshcizophrenic patients recall pleasant and unpleasant words to a significantly greater degree than neutral words. They are thus affectively governed in the free-recall task and seem equally sensitized to both pleasant and unpleasant affect in their mnemonic processing.
精神分裂症中的情感障碍是精神分裂症疾病的一个重要表现。拉多和米尔认为，诸如缺乏快乐感、人际厌恶和情感迟钝等临床特征代表了一种愉悦能力的神经生理缺陷，他们将其称为快感缺失，但用快感低下这个术语来描述更为恰当。对一组精心挑选的非精神病住院精神分裂症患者、住院非精神分裂症患者和正常人进行了一项自由回忆任务，该任务在九次试验中以随机顺序呈现24个带有情感色彩的单词。研究结果表明，正常人对愉快单词的记忆程度明显高于不愉快单词。奥格登将这种波利安娜倾向或使用愉快单词多于不愉快单词的倾向描述为一种稳定的跨文化现象。相比之下，与正常人相比，精神分裂症患者对愉快单词的回忆明显较低，尽管他们对不愉快单词的记忆程度与正常人相当。这些发现为精神分裂症中的快感低下假说提供了实验支持。非精神分裂症患者对愉快和不愉快单词的回忆程度明显高于中性单词。因此，他们在自由回忆任务中受情感支配，并且在记忆加工中似乎对愉快和不愉快情感同样敏感。
