Culver L C, Kunen S, Zinkgraf S A
J Nerv Ment Dis. 1986 Oct;174(10):620-3. doi: 10.1097/00005053-198610000-00007.
In two experiments it was demonstrated that the patterns of recall exhibited by schizophrenics qualitatively changed as the amount of structure present in the encoding and retrieval environments changed. When the encoding environment was structured and the retrieval environment was left unstructured (experiment 1), the schizophrenics' recall was not only lower than that of the normal subjects, but the patterns of recall of the two groups qualitatively differed. When encoding and retrieval environments were both structured (experiment 2), the patterns of recall exhibited by both groups were identical, although the schizophrenics continued to exhibit a recall deficit. This pattern of performance is more consistent with the notion that the recall deficit is caused by disease-induced depression of attentional capacity rather than by irreversible defects in ability to process information.
在两项实验中，结果表明，随着编码和检索环境中结构量的变化，精神分裂症患者表现出的回忆模式在质量上发生了变化。当编码环境结构化而检索环境非结构化时（实验1），精神分裂症患者的回忆不仅低于正常受试者，而且两组的回忆模式在质量上也有所不同。当编码和检索环境都结构化时（实验2），尽管精神分裂症患者仍表现出回忆缺陷，但两组表现出的回忆模式是相同的。这种表现模式更符合以下观点，即回忆缺陷是由疾病引起的注意力能力下降所致，而非由信息处理能力的不可逆缺陷导致。
