Bardisi Wedad M, Bin Sadiq Bakr M
Department of Family Medicine, Amir Abdulmajeed Primary Care, Jeddah 21497, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Saudi Med J. 2002 Apr;23(4):445-9.
To determine the prevalence of Amblyopia and other refractive errors and to identify the factors associated with these disorders.
The study was carried out in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in 1999, on children enrolled in governmental kindergartens during the academic year 1419-1420H. Children were screened for Amblyopia, any child who failed to pass the screening examination, was referred to the ophthalmologist for complete examination. A 95% confidence interval was used to describe the prevalence of eye disorders.
The number of children referred to the ophthalmologists was 102. Out of this figure, 70% of children kept their appointment. Seventy-two children had decreased visual acuity of 20/30 or worse. The final diagnoses were as follows: Amblyopia in 8 cases, which, give a prevalence rate of 1.3% (95% confidence intervals: 0.4-2.3); refractive errors in 50 cases (69%); strabismus in 4 cases (6%), duane syndrome in 2 cases (3%); and 8 children (11%) were completely normal. The positive predictive value of visual screening examination was 89%. We found no significant correlation between Amblyopia and the risk factors mentioned in the literature.
Vision screening is very important and recommended to be carried out as part of periodic health examination for pre school children. It is cost effective, highly sensitive, acceptable and easy to be administered.
确定弱视及其他屈光不正的患病率，并识别与这些疾病相关的因素。
1999年在沙特阿拉伯王国吉达对1419 - 1420学年政府幼儿园注册的儿童进行了该研究。对儿童进行弱视筛查，任何未通过筛查检查的儿童都被转诊至眼科医生处进行全面检查。采用95%置信区间描述眼部疾病的患病率。
转诊至眼科医生处的儿童有102名。其中，70%的儿童如约就诊。72名儿童视力下降至20/30或更差。最终诊断如下：弱视8例，患病率为1.3%（95%置信区间：0.4 - 2.3）；屈光不正50例（69%）；斜视4例（6%）；杜安综合征2例（3%）；8名儿童（11%）完全正常。视力筛查检查的阳性预测值为89%。我们未发现弱视与文献中提及的危险因素之间存在显著相关性。
视力筛查非常重要，建议作为学龄前儿童定期健康检查的一部分进行。它具有成本效益、高度敏感、可接受且易于实施。
