Nebot M, Tomás Z, Ariza C, Valmayor S, Mudde A
Institut Municipal de Salut Pública. Barcelona. Spain.
Gac Sanit. 2002 Mar-Apr;16(2):131-8.
To describe the factors asssociated with smoking and intention to smoke among a representative sample of first-grade pupils of secondary education (12-13 years old) in Barcelona.
37 secondary schools were randomly selected to evaluate the impact of a European-wide smoking prevention program (European Smoking prevention Frame Approach, ESFA project). In these schools, 1041 pupils of first grade of secondary education responded to a questionnaire designed at the University of Maastricht to study life-style attitudes and behaviours, mainly smoking.
9.8% of boys and 12.6% of girls declared to smoke either regulary or ocasionally. Among the no-smokers, 61.4% of the boys and 73.3% of the girls reported to have the intention to smoke in the future. Among the boys, factors associated with smoking included social norms (odds ratio [OR] = 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-5.2), smoking by siblings (OR = 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1-5.2), attitudes against smoking (OR = 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1-0.6), practicing some sports in the leisure time (OR = 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1-0.7) and having more available pocket money (OR = 3.2; 95% CI, 1.5-6.8). Intention to smoke was only related to attitudes (OR = 0.3; 95% CI, 0.2-0.5). Among girls, smoking was associated to perceived pressure to smoke (OR = 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2-5.0), consumption by friends (OR = 6.0; 95% CI, 2.4-15.4) and attitudes against smoking (OR = 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1-0.4), while intention was only associated to attitudes (OR = 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2-0.6) and hanging out in the street in the leisure time (OR = 2.2; 95% CI, 0.3-3.5).
The results stress the need to deal simultaneoulsy with the different factors associated to smoking initiation and attitude shaping, including cognitive factors, environmental factors, and patterns of leisure time utilization.
描述巴塞罗那中学一年级学生（12 - 13岁）代表性样本中与吸烟及吸烟意愿相关的因素。
随机选取37所中学，以评估一项全欧洲范围的吸烟预防项目（欧洲吸烟预防框架方法，ESFA项目）的影响。在这些学校中，1041名中学一年级学生回答了马斯特里赫特大学设计的一份问卷，该问卷用于研究生活方式态度和行为，主要是吸烟情况。
9.8%的男孩和12.6%的女孩宣称有规律或偶尔吸烟。在不吸烟者中，61.4%的男孩和73.3%的女孩报告称未来有吸烟意愿。在男孩中，与吸烟相关的因素包括社会规范（比值比[OR]=2.5；95%置信区间[CI]：1.2 - 5.2）、兄弟姐妹吸烟（OR = 2.4；95% CI，1.1 - 5.2）、对吸烟的态度（OR = 0.3；95% CI，0.1 - 0.6）、业余时间进行一些体育活动（OR = 0.3；95% CI，0.1 - 0.7）以及有更多可支配零花钱（OR = 3.2；95% CI，1.5 - 6.8）。吸烟意愿仅与态度相关（OR = 0.3；95% CI，0.2 - 0.5）。在女孩中，吸烟与感知到的吸烟压力（OR = 2.5；95% CI，1.2 - 5.0）、朋友吸烟（OR = 6.0；95% CI，2.4 - 15.4）以及对吸烟的态度（OR = 0.2；95% CI，0.1 - 0.4）相关，而意愿仅与态度（OR = 0.4；95% CI，0.2 - 0.6）和业余时间在街上闲逛（OR = 2.2；95% CI，0.3 - 3.5）相关。
结果强调需要同时应对与吸烟起始和态度形成相关的不同因素，包括认知因素、环境因素以及休闲时间利用模式。
