Gómez Cruz G, Barrueco Ferrero M, Maderuelo Fernández A, Aparicio Coca I, Torrecilla García M
Centro de Salud La Guareña, Fuentesaúco, Zamora, España.
An Pediatr (Barc). 2008 May;68(5):454-61. doi: 10.1157/13120042.
Many factors have been reported as being responsible for starting smoking during school age, but it is still not well known which cognitive determinants may be used as predictive factors of tobacco use.
A prospective, longitudinal, study, including 417 pupils from 12 to 17 years, was carried out over three years in two rural Secondary Education Institutes in Castilla y León. The ESFA questionnaire was used, which included scales on attitudes and beliefs, social influences, self-efficacy, intention to smoke in the future and smoker behaviour.
Of the 417 pupils studied, 36.7 % were smokers (38.6 % females and 34.4 % males). The mean of starting smoking was 12 years (11.83-12.15). In the initial analysis there was a clear relationship between cognitive determinants and smoker behaviour. The advertising and peer pressure lost predictive value after 3 years. The multivariate analysis showed that the determining factors of tobacco use are, besides age (OR = 3.85; 95 % CI, 1.27-11.64), to have a favourable attitude to smoking, (OR = 4.47; 95 % CI, 2.15-9.32), and the conduct perceived among peers (OR = 5.05; 95 % CI, 2.50-10.19).
The determining factors that demonstrates a clear relationship with smoker behaviour are, age, favourable attitude of pupils towards smoking, and the perceived behaviour by smoker friends. Smoking prevention programs should take these factors into accounts when designing their activities.
许多因素被报道与学龄期开始吸烟有关，但哪些认知决定因素可作为烟草使用的预测因素仍不太清楚。
在卡斯蒂利亚-莱昂的两所农村中等教育机构进行了一项为期三年的前瞻性纵向研究，纳入了417名12至17岁的学生。使用了ESFA问卷，其中包括关于态度和信念、社会影响、自我效能、未来吸烟意图和吸烟行为的量表。
在研究的417名学生中，36.7%为吸烟者（女性为38.6%，男性为34.4%）。开始吸烟的平均年龄为12岁（11.83 - 12.15岁）。在初始分析中，认知决定因素与吸烟行为之间存在明显关系。三年后，广告和同伴压力失去了预测价值。多变量分析表明，除年龄外（比值比 = 3.85；95%可信区间，1.27 - 11.64），烟草使用的决定因素还包括对吸烟持赞成态度（比值比 = 4.47；95%可信区间，2.15 - 9.32）以及同伴间的行为表现（比值比 = 5.05；95%可信区间，2.50 - 10.19）。
与吸烟行为有明确关系的决定因素是年龄、学生对吸烟的赞成态度以及吸烟者朋友的行为表现。吸烟预防项目在设计活动时应考虑这些因素。
