Kannel William B
Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Clinical Research, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
J Gend Specif Med. 2002 Mar-Apr;5(2):27-37.
The Framingham Study has investigated the evolution of cardiovascular disease (CVD) over five decades in a general population sample of men and women. This study has provided valuable insight into the prevalence, incidence, prognosis, and predisposing risk factors for CVD in women compared to men. Women were found to outlive men and to experience fewer atherosclerotic CVD events, lagging behind men in incidence by 10-20 years. However, this gap in incidence closed with advancing age and in the elderly, CVD became the leading cause of death in women as well as men. Comparing the life-time risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) with that of breast cancer in the Framingham cohort indicated a threefold greater chance of having a CHD event (24-32%) than breast cancer (7-12.5%). Thus, CVD is not a minor problem in women, and vigorous preventive measures are warranted at all ages. There is a need for particular attention to glucose intolerance, abdominal obesity, and blood lipids, and a need for a great sense of urgency when hypertension is associated with diabetes or promotes left ventricular hypertrophy.
弗雷明汉心脏研究对普通男女样本群体中五十年间心血管疾病（CVD）的演变情况进行了调查。该研究为了解女性与男性相比CVD的患病率、发病率、预后及诱发风险因素提供了宝贵的见解。研究发现女性比男性寿命长，且经历的动脉粥样硬化性CVD事件较少，发病率比男性滞后10至20年。然而，随着年龄增长，这种发病率差距逐渐缩小，在老年人中，CVD成为女性和男性的主要死因。比较弗雷明汉队列中冠心病（CHD）与乳腺癌的终生风险表明，发生CHD事件的几率（24 - 32%）是患乳腺癌几率（7 - 12.5%）的三倍。因此，CVD在女性中并非小问题，各年龄段都需要采取积极的预防措施。尤其需要关注糖耐量异常、腹型肥胖和血脂情况，当高血压与糖尿病相关或导致左心室肥厚时，更需高度重视。
