Shapiro A K, Struening E L, Barten H, Shapiro E
Psychol Med. 1975 Nov;5(4):389-96. doi: 10.1017/s0033291700057019.
Variables describing 113 outpatients of a mental health clinic were derived from a Placebo Test, the MMPI, a Symptom Check List, measures a response style, and a questionnaire containing historical and demographic information. Two highly reliable scales, the Placebo Effect Scale (PES) and the Side Effect Scale (SES) were derived from the Placebo Test and served as dependent variables. PES scores were inversely related to reporting symptoms and unrelated to measures of response style. SES scores were directly related to reporting symptoms and with several measures of response style. There was a curvilinear relationship between placebo response and reporting side effects. Implications of results for further research are presented.
描述一家心理健康诊所113名门诊患者的变量源自一项安慰剂测试、明尼苏达多相人格调查表（MMPI）、一份症状清单、一种反应风格测量方法以及一份包含病史和人口统计学信息的问卷。从安慰剂测试中得出了两个高度可靠的量表，即安慰剂效应量表（PES）和副作用量表（SES），并将其用作因变量。PES得分与报告症状呈负相关，与反应风格测量方法无关。SES得分与报告症状直接相关，并与几种反应风格测量方法相关。安慰剂反应与报告副作用之间存在曲线关系。文中呈现了研究结果对进一步研究的启示。
