Gutin Bernard, Barbeau Paule, Owens Scott, Lemmon Christian R, Bauman Mara, Allison Jerry, Kang Hyun-Sik, Litaker Mark S
Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 May;75(5):818-26. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/75.5.818.
Little is known about how the intensity of exercise influences cardiovascular fitness and body composition, especially in obese adolescents.
Our goal was to determine the effects of physical training intensity on the cardiovascular fitness, percentage of body fat (%BF), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of obese adolescents.
Obese 13-16-y-olds (n = 80) were assigned to 1) biweekly lifestyle education (LSE), 2) LSE + moderate-intensity physical training, or 3) LSE + high-intensity physical training. The intervention lasted 8 mo. Physical training was offered 5 d/wk, and the target energy expenditure for all subjects in physical training groups was 1047 kJ (250 kcal)/session. Cardiovascular fitness was measured with a multistage treadmill test, %BF with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and VAT with magnetic resonance imaging.
The increase in cardiovascular fitness in the high-intensity physical training group, but not in the moderate-intensity group, was significantly greater than that in the LSE alone group (P = 0.009); no other comparisons of the 3 groups were significant. Compared with the LSE alone group, a group composed of subjects in both physical training groups combined who attended training sessions >or=2 d/wk showed favorable changes in cardiovascular fitness (P < 0.001), %BF (P = 0.001), and VAT (P = 0.029). We found no evidence that the high-intensity physical training was more effective than the moderate-intensity physical training in enhancing body composition.
The cardiovascular fitness of obese adolescents was significantly improved by physical training, especially high-intensity physical training. The physical training also reduced both visceral and total-body adiposity, but there was no clear effect of the intensity of physical training.
关于运动强度如何影响心血管健康和身体成分，尤其是在肥胖青少年中，我们所知甚少。
我们的目标是确定体育锻炼强度对肥胖青少年心血管健康、体脂百分比（%BF）和内脏脂肪组织（VAT）的影响。
将13 - 16岁的肥胖青少年（n = 80）分为1）每两周一次的生活方式教育（LSE），2）LSE + 中等强度体育锻炼，或3）LSE + 高强度体育锻炼。干预持续8个月。每周进行5天体育锻炼，体育锻炼组所有受试者每次锻炼的目标能量消耗为1047千焦（250千卡）。通过多级跑步机测试测量心血管健康，用双能X线吸收法测量%BF，用磁共振成像测量VAT。
高强度体育锻炼组心血管健康的增加显著大于仅接受LSE组，而中等强度组则不然（P = 0.009）；三组之间的其他比较均无显著差异。与仅接受LSE组相比，由两个体育锻炼组中每周参加锻炼≥2天的受试者组成的组在心血管健康（P < 0.001）、%BF（P = 0.001）和VAT（P = 0.029）方面有良好变化。我们没有发现证据表明高强度体育锻炼在改善身体成分方面比中等强度体育锻炼更有效。
体育锻炼，尤其是高强度体育锻炼，能显著改善肥胖青少年的心血管健康。体育锻炼还减少了内脏和全身脂肪，但体育锻炼强度没有明显影响。
