Huang Zan, Li Jiayu, Liu Yanjie, Zhou Yulan
College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China.
Front Physiol. 2023 Jul 11;14:1193223. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1193223. eCollection 2023.
Childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity are global public health issues. Previous studies on exercise and overweight and obese children have produced inconsistent findings and lacked comparisons between different exercise modalities and intensities. Therefore, a network meta-analysis is necessary to provide evidence-based intervention programs. This study aims to identify the effects of different exercise modalities and intensities on changes in body composition in overweight and obese children and adolescents. A search for randomized controlled trials was conducted on Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase involving exercise interventions aimed at improving body composition (body fat percentage, BMI, fat mass, fat-free mass, body weight) in overweight and obese children and adolescents. A random effects network meta-analysis was performed using STATA 14.0 software within a frequentist framework. The literature quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0. Thirty-two papers involving 1,452 participants were included. There were six types of intervention involved in the study, including moderate intensity aerobic exercise, high-intensity aerobic exercise, moderate intensity resistance exercise, high-intensity resistance exercise, moderate intensity combined exercise, and high-intensity combined exercise. The network meta-analysis results revealed that high-intensity combined exercise was the best exercise mode for improving BMI [mean difference in kg/m = -1.65, 95% CI (-3.27, -0.02)] and reducing fat mass [mean difference in kg = -2.87, 95% CI (-4.84, -0.91)]. Moderate intensity combined exercise was the best mode for weight loss [mean difference in kg = -4.58, 95% CI (-5.94, -3.22)] and improvement in body fat percentage [mean difference in% = -2.52, 95% CI (-3.83, -1.20)]. High-intensity resistance exercise had the optimal effect in increasing fat-free mass [mean difference in kg = 1.10, 95% CI (0.22, 1.99)]. In conclusion, the study found that combined exercise, whether moderate or high intensity, was more effective than any other exercise modality in improving body fat percentage and BMI, reducing fat mass and weight. Resistance exercise was the most effective in increasing fat-free mass.
儿童及青少年超重和肥胖是全球性的公共卫生问题。此前关于运动与超重及肥胖儿童的研究结果并不一致，且缺乏不同运动方式和强度之间的比较。因此，开展一项网状Meta分析以提供循证干预方案很有必要。本研究旨在确定不同运动方式和强度对超重及肥胖儿童和青少年身体成分变化的影响。在科学网、PubMed、Scopus和Embase上检索了随机对照试验，这些试验涉及旨在改善超重及肥胖儿童和青少年身体成分（体脂百分比、BMI、脂肪量、去脂体重、体重）的运动干预。在频率学派框架内使用STATA 14.0软件进行随机效应网状Meta分析。使用Cochrane偏倚风险工具2.0评估文献质量。纳入了32篇涉及1452名参与者的论文。该研究涉及六种干预类型，包括中等强度有氧运动、高强度有氧运动、中等强度抗阻运动、高强度抗阻运动、中等强度联合运动和高强度联合运动。网状Meta分析结果显示，高强度联合运动是改善BMI[kg/m的平均差值=-1.65，95%CI（-3.27，-0.02）]和减少脂肪量[kg的平均差值=-2.87，95%CI（-4.84，-0.91）]的最佳运动模式。中等强度联合运动是减肥[kg的平均差值=-4.58，95%CI（-5.94，-3.22）]和改善体脂百分比[百分比的平均差值=-2.52，95%CI（-3.83，-1.20）]的最佳模式。高强度抗阻运动在增加去脂体重方面具有最佳效果[kg的平均差值=1.10，95%CI（0.22，1.99）]。总之，该研究发现，无论是中等强度还是高强度的联合运动，在改善体脂百分比和BMI、减少脂肪量和体重方面都比任何其他运动方式更有效。抗阻运动在增加去脂体重方面最有效。
