Bartlett D H
Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 8682 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0202, USA.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002 Mar 25;1595(1-2):367-81. doi: 10.1016/s0167-4838(01)00357-0.
Pressures between 10 and 100 MPa can exert powerful effects on the growth and viability of organisms. Here I describe the effects of elevated pressure in this range on mesophilic (atmospheric pressure adapted) and piezophilic (high-pressure adapted) microorganisms. Examination of pressure effects on mesophiles makes use of this unique physical parameter to aid in the characterization of fundamental cellular processes, while in the case of piezophiles it provides information on the essence of the adaptation of life to high-pressure environments, which comprise the bulk of our biosphere. Research is presented on the isolation of pressure-resistant mutants, high-pressure regulation of gene expression, the role of membrane lipids and proteins in determining growth ability at high pressure, pressure effects on DNA replication and topology as well as on cell division, and the role of extrinsic factors in modulating enzyme activity at high pressure.
10至100兆帕的压力会对生物体的生长和生存能力产生强大影响。在此，我描述该压力范围内压力升高对嗜温菌（适应常压）和嗜压菌（适应高压）微生物的影响。研究压力对嗜温菌的影响利用了这一独特的物理参数来辅助表征基本的细胞过程，而对于嗜压菌，它提供了关于生命适应高压环境本质的信息，高压环境占我们生物圈的大部分。本文介绍了耐压突变体的分离、基因表达的高压调控、膜脂和蛋白质在决定高压下生长能力方面的作用、压力对DNA复制和拓扑结构以及细胞分裂的影响，以及外在因素在调节高压下酶活性方面的作用。
