Moss Nancy E
Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California San Francisco, 94105, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2002 Mar;54(5):649-61. doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(01)00115-0.
This paper explores the interrelationship of gender equity and socioeconomic inequality and how they affect women's health at the macro- (country) and micro- (household and individual) levels. An integrated framework draws theoretical perspectives from both approaches and from public health. Determinants of women's health in the geopolitical environment include country-specific history and geography, policies and services, legal rights, organizations and institutions, and structures that shape gender and economic inequality. Culture, norms and sanctions at the country and community level, and sociodemographic characteristics at the individual level, influence women's productive and reproductive roles in the household and workplace. Social capital, roles, psychosocial stresses and resources. health services, and behaviors mediate social, economic and cultural effects on health outcomes. Inequality between and within households contributes to the patterning of women's health. Within the framework, relationships may vary depending upon women's lifestage and cohort experience. Examples of other relevant theoretical frameworks are discussed. The conclusion suggests strategies to improve data, influence policy, and extend research to better understand the effect of gender and socioeconomic inequality on women's health.
本文探讨了性别平等与社会经济不平等之间的相互关系，以及它们如何在宏观（国家）和微观（家庭及个人）层面影响女性健康。一个综合框架从这两种方法以及公共卫生领域汲取了理论观点。地缘政治环境中女性健康的决定因素包括特定国家的历史和地理、政策与服务、法律权利、组织和机构，以及塑造性别和经济不平等的结构。国家和社区层面的文化、规范和制裁，以及个人层面的社会人口特征，影响着女性在家庭和工作场所的生产和生殖角色。社会资本、角色、心理社会压力和资源、卫生服务以及行为介导了社会、经济和文化对健康结果的影响。家庭之间和家庭内部的不平等导致了女性健康状况的差异。在该框架内，各种关系可能因女性的生命阶段和群体经历而有所不同。文中还讨论了其他相关理论框架的例子。结论提出了改进数据、影响政策以及扩展研究的策略，以更好地理解性别和社会经济不平等对女性健康的影响。
