Metzger U, Parasuraman R
Fairchild Dornier GmbH, Wessling, Germany.
Hum Factors. 2001 Winter;43(4):519-28. doi: 10.1518/001872001775870421.
Proposals for air traffic management such as Free Flight call for a transfer of responsibility for separation between aircraft from air traffic controllers (ATCos) to pilots. Under many proposals, the role of the ATCo will change from one of active control to passive monitoring. The present study directly compared these types of control with respect to ATCo mental workload, conflict detection, and memory. Eighteen ATCos participated in an air traffic control simulation of Free Flight procedures under moderate and high traffic load. Dependent variables included accuracy and timeliness in detecting potential conflicts, accepting and handing off aircraft, mental workload (as assessed by a secondary task, heart rate variability, and subjective ratings), and memory for aircraft location. High traffic density and passive control both degraded conflict detection performance. Actual or potential applications of this research include the recommendation that designs for future air traffic management keep authority for separation of aircraft with the controller.
诸如“自由飞行”之类的空中交通管理提案要求将飞机之间间隔距离的责任从空中交通管制员（ATCos）转移到飞行员身上。在许多提案中，空中交通管制员的角色将从主动控制转变为被动监测。本研究就空中交通管制员的心理工作量、冲突检测和记忆方面，对这些控制类型进行了直接比较。18名空中交通管制员参与了在中等和高交通负荷下的“自由飞行”程序的空中交通管制模拟。因变量包括检测潜在冲突、接收和移交飞机的准确性和及时性、心理工作量（通过一项次要任务、心率变异性和主观评分进行评估）以及对飞机位置的记忆。高交通密度和被动控制都会降低冲突检测性能。这项研究的实际或潜在应用包括建议未来空中交通管理的设计应将飞机间隔距离的控制权保留给管制员。
