Eastham James A, Kattan Michael W, Scardino Peter T
Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
Semin Urol Oncol. 2002 May;20(2):108-15. doi: 10.1053/suro.2002.32936.
Nomograms are valuable tools for estimating the likelihood of cancer being diagnosed, the pathologic features of a localized cancer, and the prognosis of a patient after treatment. Although the available nomograms are reasonably accurate, better predictive factors including additional clinical factors and new molecular analyses are needed to improve the accuracy or predictions. Nomogram performance will also be enhanced with larger datasets of patients and longer follow-up. We review the concepts of risk stratification and the development and use of nomograms as predictive tools.
列线图是用于估计癌症被诊断的可能性、局限性癌症的病理特征以及患者治疗后预后的重要工具。尽管现有的列线图相当准确，但仍需要包括更多临床因素和新分子分析在内的更好的预测因素来提高预测的准确性。更大的患者数据集和更长的随访时间也将提高列线图的性能。我们回顾了风险分层的概念以及列线图作为预测工具的开发和应用。
