Boyce W Thomas, Essex Marilyn J, Woodward Hermi Rojahn, Measelle Jeffrey R, Ablow Jennifer C, Kupfer David J
Institute of Human Development and the School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley 94720-1190, USA.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002 May;41(5):580-7. doi: 10.1097/00004583-200205000-00016.
To present the conceptual and methodological backgrounds for development of the MacArthur Assessment Battery for Middle Childhood and one of its constituent instruments, the MacArthur Health and Behavior Questionnaire (HBQ).
As a component of HBQ development, research addressing "developmental psychopathology" as a nosological category of human disorder was reviewed. Such research bears, as its conceptual legacy, the strengths and frailties of the nosology from which the category was derived.
Defining developmental psychopathology has done much to foster psychiatric and medical awareness of the particular dilemmas and problems intrinsic to childhood psychopathology. On the other hand, its delineation has obscured the tendency for psychiatric morbidities to emerge gradually along trajectories of development, to involve interactions among organismic and contextual factors, and to represent "confluences" of childhood difficulties suggesting common, less distinctive origins among psychiatric and biomedical disorders. The recognizable psychopathology of adolescence is most often preceded by protean manifestations of early difficulties resulting from the conjoint operation of child-specific vulnerabilities and context-derived risk factors. Co-occurrences of mental, physical, social, and academic difficulties in children's lives are more frequently the rule than the exception, and isolated, singular psychopathology is less common in childhood than the prevailing diagnostic nosology may imply.
The MacArthur Assessment Battery represents an effort to assemble, in a single set of instruments, measures of child, context, and health risk factors for the prevalent morbidities of middle childhood. The HBQ, a component of the Battery, is a parent- and teacher-report instrument that assesses mental health, physical health, social, and school adaptation in 4- to 8-year-old children.
介绍《麦克阿瑟儿童中期评估量表》及其构成工具之一《麦克阿瑟健康与行为问卷》（HBQ）编制的概念和方法背景。
作为HBQ编制的一个组成部分，回顾了将“发展性精神病理学”作为人类疾病分类学类别的研究。此类研究作为其概念遗产，承载了该类别所源自的疾病分类学的优点和缺陷。
界定发展性精神病理学在很大程度上促进了精神病学和医学对儿童精神病理学内在特殊困境和问题的认识。另一方面，其界定掩盖了精神疾病沿着发展轨迹逐渐出现、涉及机体因素与环境因素相互作用以及代表儿童期困难“合流”的趋势，这表明精神疾病和生物医学疾病之间存在共同的、不太独特的起源。青少年可识别的精神病理学通常 preceded by protean manifestations of early difficulties resulting from the conjoint operation of child-specific vulnerabilities and context-derived risk factors.儿童生活中精神、身体、社会和学业困难同时出现的情况更为常见，而非例外，孤立的单一精神病理学在儿童期比现行诊断分类法所暗示的更为少见。
《麦克阿瑟评估量表》旨在通过一套工具汇集儿童、环境和健康风险因素的测量指标，以评估儿童中期常见疾病。该量表的组成部分HBQ是一种由家长和教师报告的工具，用于评估4至8岁儿童的心理健康、身体健康、社交和学校适应情况。
