Genetics, genomics and gene discovery in the auditory system.

The sounds of silence have forever been broken as genetics and genomics approaches in human and model organisms have provided a powerful and rapid entry into gene discovery in the auditory system. An understanding of the complexities and beauty of the biological process of hearing itself is unfolding as genes underlying hereditary hearing impairment are identified. Genes involved in modifying hearing are also being found, and will be critical to a full comprehension of genotype-phenotype relationships. Investigations in the auditory system will provide important insight into how the nervous system decodes molecular information. Deafness represents a common sensory disorder that can interfere dramatically in the acquisition of speech and language in children, and in the quality of life for a growing aged population. As newborn screening for hearing impairment is being implemented in many birth hospitals, the prospects for precise clinical diagnosis, appropriate genetic counseling and proper medical management for auditory disorders has never been at a more exciting crossroad.