Simons Ronald L, Murry Velma, McLoyd Vonnie, Lin Kuei-Hsiu, Cutrona Carolyn, Conger Rand D
Center for Family Research in Rural Mental Health, Iowa State University, Ames 50010-8296, USA.
Dev Psychopathol. 2002 Spring;14(2):371-93. doi: 10.1017/s0954579402002109.
This study investigated the correlates of childhood depressive symptoms in an African American sample. We included processes that are likely to operate for all children, regardless of race or ethnicity, as well as events and circumstances that are largely unique to children of color. These various constructs were assessed at both the individual and community level. The analyses consisted of hierarchical linear modeling with a sample of 810 African American families living in Iowa and Georgia. Three individual-level variables were associated with childhood depressive symptoms: uninvolved parenting, racial discrimination. and criminal victimization. At the community level, prevalence of both discrimination and criminal victimization were positively related and community ethnic identification was negatively related to depressive symptoms. Further, there was evidence that community ethnic identification and neighborhood poverty serve to moderate the relationship between criminal victimization and depressive symptoms. Overall, the findings underscore the importance of considering factors unique to the everyday lives of the cultural group that is the focus of study, while demonstrating the dangers of a 'one model fits all" approach to studying children of color.
本研究调查了非裔美国儿童样本中儿童抑郁症状的相关因素。我们纳入了可能对所有儿童都起作用的过程，无论其种族或民族如何，以及主要为有色人种儿童所特有的事件和情况。这些不同的构念在个体和社区层面都进行了评估。分析采用分层线性模型，样本为居住在爱荷华州和佐治亚州的810个非裔美国家庭。三个个体层面的变量与儿童抑郁症状相关：不参与型养育、种族歧视和犯罪受害经历。在社区层面，歧视和犯罪受害经历的发生率呈正相关，而社区种族认同与抑郁症状呈负相关。此外，有证据表明社区种族认同和邻里贫困起到了调节犯罪受害经历与抑郁症状之间关系的作用。总体而言，研究结果强调了考虑作为研究重点的文化群体日常生活中独特因素的重要性，同时也证明了采用“一刀切”方法研究有色人种儿童的危险性。
