School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Arlington, 211 S Cooper St, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, 1925 San Jacinto Boulevard, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Oct 5;20(19):6884. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20196884.
Neighborhoods, as built and social environments, have significant implications for mental health. Children raised in high-poverty neighborhoods, who are disproportionately Black, Indigenous, and people of color, have a greater risk of adverse life outcomes. Neighborhood gentrification is also salient when examining mental health outcomes as neighborhood economic contexts shift around a child. This review scopes, describes, synthesizes, and critiques the existing literature on the relationship between neighborhood poverty/gentrification and mood disorder symptoms among children ages 3-17 in the United States (U.S.). Given the history of structural racism in the creation of U.S. neighborhoods, inclusion criteria required that study samples be racially diverse. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for scoping reviews, seven databases and grey literature were searched; 17 studies were included (total = 122,089). Fourteen studies found significant associations between neighborhood poverty/gentrification and child depression. Three longitudinal studies found significant results suggesting that childhood neighborhood poverty/gentrification may have a lagged effect, with depression emerging later in life. Neighborhood poverty and gentrification require further examination as social determinants of mental health. Researchers should examine neighborhood poverty and gentrification as social determinants of mental health. Policies that reduce neighborhood economic disparities are needed across the U.S.
社区及其社会环境对心理健康有重要影响。在高贫困社区长大的儿童，尤其是非裔、原住民和少数族裔，他们的生活结果更有可能受到负面影响。在研究儿童心理健康结果时，邻里经济环境的变化也很重要。本综述旨在探讨美国 3-17 岁儿童的邻里贫困/ gentrification 与心境障碍症状之间的关系，该综述对相关文献进行了范围界定、描述、综合和评价。鉴于美国社区的结构性种族主义历史，纳入标准要求研究样本具有种族多样性。根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南，对七个数据库和灰色文献进行了搜索；共纳入 17 项研究（共 122089 例）。有 14 项研究发现邻里贫困/ gentrification 与儿童抑郁之间存在显著关联。三项纵向研究发现了显著的结果，表明儿童期邻里贫困/ gentrification 可能具有滞后效应，抑郁会在以后的生活中出现。邻里贫困和 gentrification 需要进一步研究，作为心理健康的社会决定因素。研究人员应该将邻里贫困和 gentrification 作为心理健康的社会决定因素进行研究。美国需要制定减少邻里经济差距的政策。
