Guertin David A, Trautmann Susanne, McCollum Dannel
Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2002 Jun;66(2):155-78. doi: 10.1128/MMBR.66.2.155-178.2002.
Cytokinesis is the final event of the cell division cycle, and its completion results in irreversible partition of a mother cell into two daughter cells. Cytokinesis was one of the first cell cycle events observed by simple cell biological techniques; however, molecular characterization of cytokinesis has been slowed by its particular resistance to in vitro biochemical approaches. In recent years, the use of genetic model organisms has greatly advanced our molecular understanding of cytokinesis. While the outcome of cytokinesis is conserved in all dividing organisms, the mechanism of division varies across the major eukaryotic kingdoms. Yeasts and animals, for instance, use a contractile ring that ingresses to the cell middle in order to divide, while plant cells build new cell wall outward to the cortex. As would be expected, there is considerable conservation of molecules involved in cytokinesis between yeast and animal cells, while at first glance, plant cells seem quite different. However, in recent years, it has become clear that some aspects of division are conserved between plant, yeast, and animal cells. In this review we discuss the major recent advances in defining cytokinesis, focusing on deciding where to divide, building the division apparatus, and dividing. In addition, we discuss the complex problem of coordinating the division cycle with the nuclear cycle, which has recently become an area of intense research. In conclusion, we discuss how certain cells have utilized cytokinesis to direct development.
胞质分裂是细胞分裂周期的最后一个事件，其完成导致母细胞不可逆地分裂为两个子细胞。胞质分裂是最早通过简单细胞生物学技术观察到的细胞周期事件之一；然而，由于其对体外生化方法具有特殊抗性，胞质分裂的分子特征研究进展缓慢。近年来，遗传模式生物的使用极大地推动了我们对胞质分裂的分子理解。虽然胞质分裂的结果在所有分裂生物体中都是保守的，但分裂机制在主要的真核生物界中有所不同。例如，酵母和动物利用收缩环向细胞中部内陷来进行分裂，而植物细胞则向外向皮层构建新的细胞壁。正如预期的那样，酵母和动物细胞中参与胞质分裂的分子有相当程度的保守性，而乍一看，植物细胞似乎有很大不同。然而，近年来已经清楚地表明，植物、酵母和动物细胞在分裂的某些方面是保守的。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了定义胞质分裂方面的主要最新进展，重点关注决定分裂位置、构建分裂装置和进行分裂。此外，我们还讨论了将分裂周期与核周期协调起来这一复杂问题，这一问题最近已成为一个深入研究的领域。最后，我们讨论了某些细胞如何利用胞质分裂来指导发育。
