细胞分裂的分子机制。
Molecular Mechanism of Cytokinesis.
机构信息
Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8103, USA; email:
Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8103, USA.
出版信息
Annu Rev Biochem. 2019 Jun 20;88:661-689. doi: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-062917-012530. Epub 2019 Jan 16.
Abstract
Division of amoebas, fungi, and animal cells into two daughter cells at the end of the cell cycle depends on a common set of ancient proteins, principally actin filaments and myosin-II motors. Anillin, formins, IQGAPs, and many other proteins regulate the assembly of the actin filaments into a contractile ring positioned between the daughter nuclei by different mechanisms in fungi and animal cells. Interactions of myosin-II with actin filaments produce force to assemble and then constrict the contractile ring to form a cleavage furrow. Contractile rings disassemble as they constrict. In some cases, knowledge about the numbers of participating proteins and their biochemical mechanisms has made it possible to formulate molecularly explicit mathematical models that reproduce the observed physical events during cytokinesis by computer simulations.
摘要
有丝分裂时，在细胞周期的末期，变形虫、真菌和动物细胞将分裂为两个子细胞，这一过程依赖于一套古老的蛋白，主要是肌动蛋白丝和肌球蛋白 II 马达。肌动蛋白丝装配成收缩环的过程受到多种蛋白的调节，包括肌动蛋白结合蛋白、formin、IQGAP 和其他蛋白，这些蛋白在真菌和动物细胞中通过不同的机制发挥作用。在收缩环的位置上，位于子核之间。肌球蛋白 II 与肌动蛋白丝的相互作用产生力，使收缩环组装并收缩，从而形成一个胞质分裂沟。收缩环在收缩的同时解体。在某些情况下，对参与的蛋白数量及其生化机制的了解，使得通过计算机模拟用分子明确的数学模型来重现胞质分裂过程中观察到的物理事件成为可能。
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Coarse-grained simulations of actomyosin rings point to a nodeless model involving both unipolar and bipolar myosins.粗粒化模拟的肌球蛋白环指向一种无节模型，涉及单极和双极肌球蛋白。
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