Zhang Bing, Zelhof Andrew C
Section of Neurobiology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
Traffic. 2002 Jul;3(7):452-60. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0854.2002.30702.x.
Amphiphysins, members of the BAR (Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvsp) protein super family, have been postulated to play a key role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis of synaptic vesicles (SVs). This review focuses on recent genetic studies of the role of amphiphysins in SV recycling and membrane morphogenesis. In the mouse, brain-specific amphiphysin I and II regulate, but are not essential for, SV recycling. The role of this regulation appears important, as mice deficient in these proteins have seizures and are deficient in learning and memory. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, amphiphysin is found in muscles and is enriched at postsynaptic membranes of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs); however, it does not play a role in SV recycling. Rather, amphiphysin in fly muscles appears to regulate the organization and structure of the muscle T-tubule system and possibly the subsynaptic reticulum. Amphiphysin is also involved in membrane organization in both neurons and non-neuronal cells in Drosophila. These studies reveal pleiotropic functions for amphiphysins in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and the regulation of membrane dynamics, perhaps through the actin cytoskeleton.
发动蛋白属于BAR（Bin-发动蛋白-Rvsp）蛋白超家族成员，据推测在网格蛋白介导的突触小泡（SVs）内吞作用中起关键作用。本综述聚焦于近期关于发动蛋白在SV循环利用和膜形态发生中作用的遗传学研究。在小鼠中，脑特异性发动蛋白I和II对SV循环利用具有调节作用，但并非必不可少。这种调节作用似乎很重要，因为缺乏这些蛋白质的小鼠会出现癫痫发作，并且在学习和记忆方面存在缺陷。在果蝇中，发动蛋白存在于肌肉中，并在神经肌肉接头（NMJs）的突触后膜富集；然而，它在SV循环利用中不起作用。相反，果蝇肌肉中的发动蛋白似乎调节肌肉T小管系统的组织和结构，可能还调节突触下网状结构。发动蛋白还参与果蝇神经元和非神经元细胞的膜组织。这些研究揭示了发动蛋白在网格蛋白介导的内吞作用以及膜动力学调节中的多效性功能，可能是通过肌动蛋白细胞骨架实现的。
