Malchaire J, Geng Q, Den Hartog E, Havenith G, Holmer I, Piette A, Powell S L, Rintamäki H, Rissanen S
Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
Ann Occup Hyg. 2002 Mar;46(2):157-63. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/mef032.
At the request of the European Commission and in the framework of the European Machinery Directive, research was conducted jointly in five different laboratories to develop specifications for surface temperature limit values for the gripping and handling of cold items.
Four hundred and fourteen experiments were run where male and female subjects were invited to grip for up to 20 min cold bars of different contact coefficients, i.e. polished wood, nylon, stone, steel and aluminium. The air temperature and the bars' initial surface temperatures ranged between 0 and -30 degrees C for the various experiments. While gripping the bars, either only the hand or the whole body was exposed to cold.
The data were used to develop a prediction formula and a graph of the surface temperature limit values in order for the skin contact temperature not to reach <15 degrees C. This duration is shown to offer a significant degree of safety with respect to the minimal surface temperature spontaneously tolerated by the subjects.
Experiments and modelling must be pursued to extend these data to other conditions of exposure.
应欧盟委员会要求，在欧洲机械指令框架下，五个不同实验室联合开展研究，以制定冷物品抓取和搬运时表面温度限值的规范。
进行了414次实验，邀请男性和女性受试者抓取不同接触系数的冷棒长达20分钟，这些冷棒的材质包括抛光木材、尼龙、石头、钢和铝。在各种实验中，空气温度和冷棒的初始表面温度在0至-30摄氏度之间。抓取冷棒时，要么仅手部暴露于寒冷环境，要么整个身体暴露于寒冷环境。
利用这些数据制定了一个预测公式和表面温度限值图表，以使皮肤接触温度不低于15摄氏度。就受试者自发耐受的最低表面温度而言，这一持续时间显示出具有显著的安全程度。
必须继续进行实验和建模，以将这些数据扩展到其他暴露条件。
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