Chen F, Liu Z Y, Holmér I
Department of Work and Environmental Physiology, National Institute for Working Life, Solna, Sweden.
Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1996;72(4):372-9. doi: 10.1007/BF00599699.
The present study aimed at investigating the spatial variability of skin temperature (Tsk) measured at various points on the hand during convective and cold contact exposure. A group of 8 subjects participated in a study of convective cooling of the hand (60 min) and 20 subjects to contact cooling of the finger pad (5 min). Experiments were carried out in a small climatic chamber into which the hand was inserted. For convective cold exposure, Tsk was measured at seven points on the palmer surface of the fingers of the left hand, one on the palmar surface and one on the dorsal surface of the hand. The air temperature inside the mini-chamber was 0, 4, 10 and 16 degrees C. With the contact cold exposure, the subjects touched at constant pressures an aluminum cube cooled to temperatures of -7, 0 and 7 degrees C in the same mini-chamber. Contact Tsk was measured on the finger pad of the index finger of the left hand. The Tsk of the proximal phalanx of the index finger (on both palm and back sides), and of the middle phalanx of the little finger was also measured. The variation of Tsk between the proximal and the distal phalanx of the index finger was between 1.5 to 10 degrees C during the convective cold exposure to an air temperature of 0 degree C. Considerable gradients persisted between the hand and fingers (from 2 to 17 degrees C at 0 degree C air temperature) and between the phalanges of the finger (from 0.5 to 11.4 degrees C at 0 degree C air temperature). The onset of cold induced vasodilatation (CIVD) on different fingers varied from about 5 to 15 min and it did not always appear in every finger. For contact cold exposure, when Tsk on the contact skin cooled down to nearly 0 degree C, the temperature at the area close to the contact skin could still be 30 degrees C. Some cases of CIVD were observed in the contact skin area, but not on other measuring points of the same finger. These results indicated that local thermal stimuli were the temperature may require five or more measuring points. Our results strongly emphasised a need to consider the large spatial and individual variations in the prediction and modelling of extremity cooling.
本研究旨在调查在对流和冷接触暴露期间，手部不同点测量的皮肤温度（Tsk）的空间变异性。一组8名受试者参与了手部对流冷却（60分钟）的研究，20名受试者参与了指垫接触冷却（5分钟）的研究。实验在一个小型气候舱中进行，将手插入其中。对于对流冷暴露，在左手手指掌面的七个点、手掌面的一个点和手背面的一个点测量Tsk。小型舱内的空气温度为0、4、10和16摄氏度。在接触冷暴露中，受试者在相同的小型舱内以恒定压力触摸冷却至-7、0和7摄氏度的铝立方体。在左手食指的指垫上测量接触Tsk。还测量了食指近端指骨（手掌和背面）以及小指中节指骨的Tsk。在0摄氏度的空气对流冷暴露期间，食指近端和远端指骨之间的Tsk变化在1.5至10摄氏度之间。手和手指之间（在0摄氏度空气温度下为2至17摄氏度）以及手指指骨之间（在0摄氏度空气温度下为0.5至11.4摄氏度）存在相当大的梯度。不同手指上冷诱导血管舒张（CIVD）的开始时间从约5至15分钟不等，并非每个手指都会出现。对于接触冷暴露，当接触皮肤的Tsk冷却至接近0摄氏度时，靠近接触皮肤区域的温度仍可能为30摄氏度。在接触皮肤区域观察到一些CIVD病例，但在同一手指的其他测量点未观察到。这些结果表明，局部热刺激的温度可能需要五个或更多测量点。我们的结果强烈强调，在预测和模拟肢体冷却时需要考虑巨大的空间和个体差异。
