Shafran Roz, Cooper Zafra, Fairburn Christopher G
Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford University, UK.
Behav Res Ther. 2002 Jul;40(7):773-91. doi: 10.1016/s0005-7967(01)00059-6.
This paper reviews the characteristics of clinical perfectionism and proposes a new definition of the phenomenon. It is suggested that the defining feature of clinically significant perfectionism is the overdependence of self-evaluation on the determined pursuit (and achievement) of self-imposed personally demanding standards of performance in at least one salient domain, despite the occurrence of adverse consequences. It is suggested that such clinical perfectionism is maintained by the biased evaluation of the pursuit and achievement of personally demanding standards. Specifically, it is suggested that people with perfectionism react to failure to meet their standards with self-criticism. If they do meet their standards, the standards are re-evaluated as being insufficiently demanding. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are considered to have a particular relationship to perfectionism, with both disorders often being direct expressions of perfectionism. Under these circumstances self-evaluation is dependent on the pursuit and attainment of personally demanding standards in the domain of control over eating, shape and weight. The implications of this analysis for research and practice are considered.
本文回顾了临床完美主义的特征，并提出了该现象的新定义。研究表明，具有临床意义的完美主义的定义特征是，尽管出现了不良后果，但在至少一个突出领域中，自我评估过度依赖于对自我设定的、个人要求极高的表现标准的坚定追求（以及达成）。研究表明，这种临床完美主义是由对个人要求极高的标准的追求和达成的偏差评估所维持的。具体而言，研究表明，完美主义者会以自我批评来应对未能达到自己标准的情况。如果他们达到了自己的标准，这些标准又会被重新评估为要求不够高。神经性厌食症和神经性贪食症被认为与完美主义有特殊关系，这两种疾病常常是完美主义的直接表现。在这种情况下，自我评估依赖于在饮食、体型和体重控制领域对个人要求极高的标准的追求和实现。本文还考虑了这一分析对研究和实践的启示。
