Matsumoto-Oda Akiko
Human Evolution Studies, Department of Zoology, Division of Biological Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
Primates. 2002 Apr;43(2):103-17. doi: 10.1007/BF02629670.
To analyze how the chimpanzees in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania, change their grouping pattern, activity budget, travel speed, and travel distance within an annual cycle, I divided 1-year data into four periods. The Mahale chimpanzees have the behavioral flexibility to adapt to various climates and exhibited at least three behavioral seasons. In the early wet season, chimpanzees formed a few, large parties, and spent much time feeding on insects and animal meat. In the early and late dry seasons, chimpanzees maintained party sizes as large as in the early wet season, and traveled distances similar to the early wet season, but spent the most time feeding and traveling within the year. By contrast, in the late wet season chimpanzee parties broke up into more numerous, small groups, and traveled slowly over shorter distances. Although time spent feeding and traveling were the same as that in the early wet season, time spent feeding on terrestrial herbaceous vegetation (THV) was the highest in the year. The results suggest that chimpanzees travel longer, faster, and farther in seasons when they form large parties.
为了分析坦桑尼亚马哈尔山国家公园的黑猩猩如何在年度周期内改变它们的群体模式、活动预算、行进速度和行进距离，我将1年的数据分为四个时期。马哈尔山的黑猩猩具有行为灵活性以适应各种气候，并且展现出至少三个行为季节。在雨季初期，黑猩猩形成少数几个大群体，并且花费大量时间捕食昆虫和动物肉。在旱季早期和晚期，黑猩猩保持与雨季初期一样大的群体规模，行进距离也与雨季初期相似，但在一年中花费最多时间进食和行进。相比之下，在雨季后期，黑猩猩群体分裂成更多数量的小群体，并且在较短距离内缓慢行进。虽然进食和行进所花费的时间与雨季初期相同，但以陆生草本植物为食所花费的时间在一年中是最高的。结果表明，黑猩猩在形成大群体的季节里行进得更长、更快、更远。
