Partan Sarah, Marler Peter
Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg 33701, USA.
J Comp Psychol. 2002 Jun;116(2):116-9. doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.116.2.116.
This introduction applies J. von Uexküll's (1934/1957) concept of the Umwelt to the study of animal communication, particularly as it pertains to studies presented at a recent workshop on animal communication in the context of the environment. The environment is conceived broadly in the articles that follow, including the many physical and social environments in which an animal may find itself. The Umwelt concept is briefly expanded here to include also the personal microenvironment of the signaler in which the signal is embedded into the suite of concurrent nonsignaling behaviors of the individual. Other animals may even infer aspects of the signaler's own immediate Umwelt by noticing accompanying attentional cues such as the direction of eye gaze. In this way, part of the Umwelt can be accessible to companions, facilitating the communication process.
本引言将J.冯·于克斯屈尔（1934/1957）的环境世界概念应用于动物交流研究，特别是与近期在环境背景下举办的动物交流研讨会上所展示的研究相关的内容。在随后的文章中，环境被广义地理解，包括动物可能身处的众多物理和社会环境。在此，环境世界概念被简要扩展，以纳入信号发出者的个人微环境，在这个微环境中，信号嵌入到个体同时进行的非信号行为之中。其他动物甚至可以通过留意伴随的注意力线索（如目光方向）来推断信号发出者自身即时环境世界的某些方面。通过这种方式，同伴可以了解部分环境世界，从而促进交流过程。
