Kamat A M, Lamm D L
Department of Urology, PO Box 9251, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
Curr Urol Rep. 2001 Feb;2(1):62-9. doi: 10.1007/s11934-001-0027-7.
The primary role of immunotherapy for bladder cancer is to treat superficial transitional cell carcinomas (ie, carcinoma in situ, Ta, and T1). Immunotherapy in the form of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), interferon, bropirimine, keyhole limpet hemocyanin, and gene therapy is intended to treat existing or residual tumor, to prevent recurrence of tumor, to prevent progression of disease, and to prolong survival of patients. Presently, BCG is commonly used and is the most effective immunotherapeutic agent against superficial transitional cell carcinoma. Data support that BCG has a positive impact on tumor recurrence, disease progression, and survival. Proper attention to maintenance schedules, route of administration, dosing, strains, and viability is essential to obtain the maximum benefits of BCG immunotherapy. This review highlights and summarizes the recent advances concerning immunotherapy, with special emphasis on BCG therapy for transitional cell carcinoma.
免疫疗法对膀胱癌的主要作用是治疗浅表性移行细胞癌（即原位癌、Ta和T1期）。卡介苗（BCG）、干扰素、溴匹立明、钥孔戚血蓝蛋白和基因疗法等形式的免疫疗法旨在治疗现有的或残留的肿瘤、预防肿瘤复发、防止疾病进展以及延长患者生存期。目前，卡介苗是常用的，并且是针对浅表性移行细胞癌最有效的免疫治疗药物。数据表明卡介苗对肿瘤复发、疾病进展和生存期有积极影响。正确关注维持方案、给药途径、剂量、菌株和活力对于获得卡介苗免疫疗法的最大益处至关重要。本综述着重介绍并总结了免疫疗法的最新进展，特别强调了卡介苗治疗移行细胞癌的情况。
