Faria Luísa
Faculty of Psychology and Education, Porto State University, Portugal.
Psychol Rep. 2002 Jun;90(3 Pt 1):786-8. doi: 10.2466/pr0.2002.90.3.786.
Several empirical studies have implicated helplessness as a problem in girls' lack of achievement, generally associated with static conceptions of intelligence. Yet, two studies aiming to explore sex differences in personal conceptions of intelligence, carried out with Portuguese samples of 222 and 2,106 subjects, respectively, using a 15-item rating scale to measure personal conceptions of intelligence adapted for Portuguese adolescents (11 to 17 years old), did not find sex differences, suggesting that certain specific characteristics of the Portuguese cultural context and its underlying socialization processes may have altered the expected kind of differentiation. Researchers should investigate whether success is not stereotypically attributed to male role norms and the importance of arousal of standards of achievement for women in the Portuguese culture.
几项实证研究表明，无助感是女孩学业成绩不佳的一个问题，这通常与静态的智力观念有关。然而，两项旨在探究智力个人观念方面性别差异的研究，分别以222名和2106名葡萄牙受试者为样本，使用一个由15个项目组成的评分量表来测量适用于葡萄牙青少年（11至17岁）的智力个人观念，却未发现性别差异，这表明葡萄牙文化背景的某些特定特征及其潜在的社会化过程可能改变了预期的那种差异。研究人员应该调查在葡萄牙文化中，成功是否没有按照刻板印象归因于男性角色规范，以及激发女性成就标准的重要性。
