Perkins Kenneth A, Broge Michelle, Gerlach Debra, Sanders Mark, Grobe James E, Cherry Christine, Wilson Annette S
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
Health Psychol. 2002 Jul;21(4):332-9. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.21.4.332.
Little research has examined the association of tobacco dependence with nicotine tolerance or reinforcement in a clinical sample. Smokers preparing to quit smoking participated in laboratory sessions to assess nicotine tolerance on subjective, cardiovascular, and performance measures and to assess nicotine reinforcement using a choice procedure. Participants were then provided with individual counseling (but no medication), made a quit attempt, and were followed for 1 year to determine clinical outcome, as determined by postquit withdrawal and days to relapse. Nicotine tolerance was unrelated to either withdrawal or relapse. However, acute nicotine reinforcement was significantly related to both greater withdrawal and faster relapse. Results challenge the common assumption that nicotine tolerance is closely related to dependence but suggest that nicotine reinforcement may have theoretical and clinical significance for dependence.
很少有研究在临床样本中检验烟草依赖与尼古丁耐受性或强化作用之间的关联。准备戒烟的吸烟者参加了实验室测试，以通过主观、心血管和行为表现指标评估尼古丁耐受性，并使用选择程序评估尼古丁强化作用。然后为参与者提供个体咨询（但不提供药物），尝试戒烟，并随访1年以确定临床结果，临床结果由戒烟后戒断反应和复发天数来判定。尼古丁耐受性与戒断反应或复发均无关联。然而，急性尼古丁强化作用与更强烈的戒断反应和更快的复发均显著相关。研究结果对尼古丁耐受性与烟草依赖密切相关这一普遍假设提出了挑战，但表明尼古丁强化作用可能在烟草依赖方面具有理论和临床意义。
