Patterson Freda, Kerrin Kia, Wileyto E Paul, Lerman Caryn
Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2008 May 1;95(1-2):173-6. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.01.013. Epub 2008 Mar 6.
Smokers tend to increase their cigarette consumption during angry states. We sought to determine whether increases in post-quit anger symptoms predict relapse among smokers who had received 8-weeks of smoking cessation treatment (21 mg nicotine patch+smoking cessation counseling). The 15-item state anger assessment [from Spielberger, C., 1999. STAXI-2: the state trait anger expression inventory professional manual, Odessa, FL] was administered at pre-treatment (2 weeks before the target quit date; TQD) and 1 week after the TQD. Abstinence at 8-weeks post-quit was biochemically verified using carbon monoxide. Smokers who reported increases in pre- to post-quit state anger levels (n=117) were significantly more likely to relapse by 8-weeks after treatment as compared to smokers whose anger did not change or decreased after quitting (n=130) (OR=1.06; CI=1.01-1.10; p=0.01). Furthermore, smokers with increased post-quit anger relapsed almost twice as quickly than those who did not have an increase in post-quit anger symptoms (HR=1.98; CI: 1.32-2.96; p=0.001). These data suggest that anger may be an important withdrawal symptom that influences liability to relapse. Future studies are needed to evaluate treatment strategies that effectively help smokers reduce and manage post-quit anger.
吸烟者在愤怒状态下往往会增加香烟消费量。我们试图确定戒烟后愤怒症状的增加是否能预测接受了8周戒烟治疗（21毫克尼古丁贴片+戒烟咨询）的吸烟者的复吸情况。在治疗前（目标戒烟日期前2周；TQD）和TQD后1周进行15项状态愤怒评估[来自斯皮尔伯格，C.，1999年。STAXI - 2：状态 - 特质愤怒表达量表专业手册，佛罗里达州敖德萨]。使用一氧化碳对戒烟后8周的 abstinence进行生化验证。报告戒烟前后状态愤怒水平增加的吸烟者（n = 117）与戒烟后愤怒没有变化或减少的吸烟者（n = 130）相比，在治疗后8周更有可能复吸（OR = 1.06；CI = 1.01 - 1.10；p = 0.01）。此外，戒烟后愤怒增加的吸烟者复吸的速度几乎是那些戒烟后愤怒症状没有增加的吸烟者的两倍（HR = 1.98；CI：1.32 - 2.96；p = 0.001）。这些数据表明，愤怒可能是一种重要的戒断症状，会影响复吸倾向。未来需要进行研究来评估能有效帮助吸烟者减少和管理戒烟后愤怒情绪的治疗策略。
