Bradlow H Leon, Sepkovic Daniel W
David and Alice Jurist Institute for Research, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey 07601, USA.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002 Jun;963:247-67. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04117.x.
The preponderance of evidence suggests a role for fat and alcohol as risk factors for breast cancer. The role of milk is more controversial with some studies suggesting that milk is a risk factor and others that consumption of milk is protective against breast cancer. No other major nutrient appears to play a significant role in increasing breast cancer risk. On the other hand, there is increasing evidence that a variety of micronutrients and hormones appear to have significant anticancer activity. These range from steroids such as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its analysis to indoles, isothiocyanates, and isoflavone derivatives. These compounds act directly by interfering with cyclins and promoting apoptosis as well as indirectly by altering estrogen metabolism in a favorable direction. These effects are not merely theoretical actions in cell culture and tissue explants; they have been demonstrated in human patients as a range of studies have demonstrated.
大量证据表明，脂肪和酒精是乳腺癌的风险因素。牛奶的作用更具争议性，一些研究表明牛奶是一个风险因素，而其他研究则表明饮用牛奶对乳腺癌有预防作用。没有其他主要营养素似乎在增加乳腺癌风险方面发挥重要作用。另一方面，越来越多的证据表明，多种微量营养素和激素似乎具有显著的抗癌活性。这些物质包括脱氢表雄酮（DHEA）等类固醇及其代谢产物，以及吲哚、异硫氰酸盐和异黄酮衍生物。这些化合物通过干扰细胞周期蛋白和促进细胞凋亡直接发挥作用，也通过将雌激素代谢朝着有利的方向改变间接发挥作用。这些作用不仅仅是细胞培养和组织外植体中的理论行为；正如一系列研究所表明的，它们已在人类患者身上得到证实。
