Boulware L E, Ratner L E, Ness P M, Cooper L A, Campbell-Lee S, LaVeist T A, Powe N R
Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Transfusion. 2002 Jun;42(6):669-78. doi: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2002.00120.x.
Few studies have simultaneously assessed the relative importance of sociodemographic, medical, and attitudinal factors in explaining which individuals are more likely to donate blood.
A cross-sectional telephone survey of households in Maryland was conducted to identify the relation of sociodemographic, medical, and attitudinal factors to blood donation history among the general public. Random digit dialing was used to identify households; individuals aged 18 to 75 years were randomly selected within households. In multivariate analyses, the independent relationship of these factors with prior history of blood donation was assessed, and the amount of variation in prior history of blood donation among the study population that could be explained by these factors was determined.
Of 385 participants (84% of randomized homes), 228 (59%) had donated blood at least once in the past. After adjusting for potential confounders, women, black participants, and those agreeing with the statement "I am afraid of hospitals" had 60 to 80 percent lower odds of prior donation when compared with men, white participants, and those who did not agree with the statement (OR [95% CI]: 0.2 [0.1-0.4], 0.4 [0.2-0.8], and 0.3 [0.2-0.6], respectively). The effect of fear of hospitals was consistent across sex and race. Trust, fear, and suspicion of hospitals were among factors contributing most to variation in prior donation history.
Female sex, black race, and fear of hospitals are three major factors negatively associated with prior history of blood donation. Fear of hospitals affects blood donation patterns across race and sex groups. Future study is needed to determine whether recruitment of blood donors may be more efficient if focused toward women, minorities, and donors' fears of healthcare facilities or hospitals.
很少有研究同时评估社会人口统计学、医学和态度因素在解释哪些个体更有可能献血方面的相对重要性。
对马里兰州的家庭进行了一项横断面电话调查，以确定社会人口统计学、医学和态度因素与普通公众献血历史之间的关系。使用随机数字拨号来识别家庭；在家庭中随机选择18至75岁的个体。在多变量分析中，评估了这些因素与既往献血史的独立关系，并确定了这些因素可以解释的研究人群中既往献血史的变异量。
在385名参与者（占随机抽取家庭的84%）中，228名（59%）在过去至少献血一次。在调整潜在混杂因素后，与男性、白人参与者以及不同意“我害怕医院”这一说法的人相比，女性、黑人参与者以及同意该说法的人既往献血的几率低60%至80%（比值比[95%置信区间]：分别为0.2[0.1 - 0.4]、0.4[0.2 - 0.8]和0.3[0.2 - 0.6]）。对医院的恐惧效应在性别和种族中是一致的。对医院的信任、恐惧和怀疑是导致既往献血史变异的主要因素。
女性、黑人种族以及对医院的恐惧是与既往献血史呈负相关的三个主要因素。对医院的恐惧影响不同种族和性别人群的献血模式。未来需要研究，如果将献血者招募工作聚焦于女性、少数族裔以及献血者对医疗机构或医院的恐惧，是否会更有效率。
