France Christopher R, France Janis L
Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio.
Transfusion. 2018 Jan;58(1):113-120. doi: 10.1111/trf.14382. Epub 2017 Oct 26.
This study aimed to characterize the extent of donation-related fears among donors with different levels of donation experience.
A sample of 1054 recent donors (48.3% female; mean ± SD age 33.1 ± 9.8 years) completed an anonymous, online survey of their fear of donation-related stimuli, including blood, needles, pain, and fainting. Respondents also provided information regarding demographics, pain, and vasovagal symptoms associated with their recent donation and confidence and intention with respect to a future donation.
The sample was divided into four donation history subgroups, including one, two or three, four or five, or six or more prior donations. A significant negative relationship was observed between donation history and each of the assessed fears, indicating less fear with more experience. However, at least one-third of even the most experienced donors reported some fear for each of the stimuli. Further, greater fear was associated with more pain (r = 0.35-0.56, all p < 0.001) and more intense vasovagal symptom reports (r = 0.41-0.61, all p < 0.001). Finally, greater fear was associated with less donor confidence (r = -0.24 to -0.33, all p < 0.001) and lower intentions of donating again (r = -0.14 to -0.20, all p < 0.001).
These data provide novel evidence that fear persists for many donors, despite increasing experience, and suggest that a greater appreciation of individual differences in fear is needed to address these concerns and promote long-term donor motivation.
本研究旨在描述不同捐赠经验水平的献血者中与献血相关恐惧的程度。
1054名近期献血者（48.3%为女性；平均年龄±标准差为33.1±9.8岁）参与了一项匿名在线调查，调查内容包括他们对与献血相关刺激因素的恐惧，如血液、针头、疼痛和昏厥。受访者还提供了有关人口统计学、疼痛、与近期献血相关的血管迷走神经症状，以及对未来献血的信心和意愿等信息。
样本被分为四个献血历史亚组，包括之前有过1次、2或3次、4或5次，或6次及以上献血经历。在献血历史与每种评估的恐惧之间观察到显著的负相关关系，表明经验越多恐惧越少。然而，即使是经验最丰富的献血者中，至少有三分之一的人表示对每种刺激因素都有一些恐惧。此外，更多的恐惧与更多的疼痛相关（r = 0.35 - 0.56，所有p < 0.001）以及更强烈的血管迷走神经症状报告相关（r = 0.41 - 0.61，所有p < 0.001）。最后，更多的恐惧与献血者信心较低相关（r = -0.24至-0.33，所有p < 0.001）以及再次献血的意愿较低相关（r = -0.14至-0.20，所有p < 0.001）。
这些数据提供了新的证据，表明尽管经验增加，但许多献血者仍然存在恐惧，这表明需要更深入地了解恐惧方面的个体差异，以解决这些问题并促进长期的献血者积极性。
