Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia.
MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Transfusion. 2019 Dec;59(12):3666-3673. doi: 10.1111/trf.15554. Epub 2019 Oct 30.
Blood donor recruitment remains an important worldwide challenge due to changes in population demographics and shifts in the demand for blood. Various cognitive models help predict donation intention, although the importance of affective deterrents has become increasingly evident. This study aimed to identify fears that predict donation intention, to explore their relative importance, and to determine if self-efficacy and attitude mediate this relationship, thus providing possible targets for intervention.
A total of 347 individuals (269 nondonors and 78 donors) living in Québec responded to questionnaires assessing medical fears, psychosocial factors related to donation intention including the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) constructs, anticipated regret, and facilitating factors (i.e., time commitment and rewards). To examine the relative importance of these factors in the context of blood donation, the same questions were also asked about other medical activities that involve salient needle stimuli: flu vaccinations and dental examinations.
Medical fears, especially blood-related fears, were significantly associated with donation intention. Bootstrapping tests confirmed that this relation was mediated by attitude and self-efficacy. Underlining the importance of medical fears in the blood donation context, these fears were not associated with attitudes and intentions for dental examinations or flu vaccinations.
These results suggest that medical fears, especially blood-related fears, play a key role in predicting donation attitudes and intentions. Mediational pathways provide support for interventions to improve donation intentions by addressing specific fears while also improving a donor's belief in his or her ability to manage donation-related fears.
由于人口结构的变化和对血液需求的转变，献血者招募仍然是全世界面临的一个重要挑战。各种认知模型有助于预测献血意愿，尽管情感障碍的重要性变得越来越明显。本研究旨在确定预测献血意愿的恐惧因素，探讨其相对重要性，并确定自我效能感和态度是否在这种关系中起中介作用，从而为干预提供可能的目标。
共有 347 名居住在魁北克的个体（269 名非献血者和 78 名献血者）回答了评估医疗恐惧、与献血意愿相关的心理社会因素（包括计划行为理论（TPB）结构）、预期后悔和促进因素（即时间承诺和奖励）的问卷。为了在献血背景下检验这些因素的相对重要性，同样的问题也被问到其他涉及明显针刺激的医疗活动：流感疫苗接种和牙科检查。
医疗恐惧，特别是与血液相关的恐惧，与献血意愿显著相关。自举测试证实，这种关系是由态度和自我效能感介导的。突显了医疗恐惧在献血背景下的重要性，这些恐惧与牙科检查或流感疫苗接种的态度和意愿无关。
这些结果表明，医疗恐惧，特别是与血液相关的恐惧，在预测献血态度和意愿方面起着关键作用。中介途径为通过解决特定恐惧来改善献血意愿提供了支持，同时也提高了捐赠者对自己管理与献血相关恐惧的能力的信心。
