Millet Gregoire P, Jaouen Bernard, Borrani Fabio, Candau Robin
Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université de Montpellier 1, 700 Avenue Pic Saint Loup, 34090 Montpellier, France.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002 Aug;34(8):1351-9. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200208000-00018.
It has been suggested that endurance training influences the running economy (CR) and the oxygen uptake (.VO(2)) kinetics in heavy exercise by accelerating the primary phase and attenuating the .VO(2) slow component. However, the effects of heavy weight training (HWT) in combination with endurance training remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of a concurrent HWT+endurance training on CR and the .VO(2) kinetics in endurance athletes.
Fifteen triathletes were assigned to endurance+strength (ES) or endurance-only (E) training for 14 wk. The training program was similar, except ES performed two HWT sessions a week. Before and after the training period, the subjects performed 1) an incremental field running test for determination of .VO(2max) and the velocity associated (V(.VO2max)), the second ventilatory threshold (VT(2)); 2) a 3000-m run at constant velocity, calculated to require 25% of the difference between .VO(2max) and VT(2), to determine CR and the characteristics of the VO(2) kinetics; 3) maximal hopping tests to determine maximal mechanical power and lower-limb stiffness; 4) maximal concentric lower-limb strength measurements.
After the training period, maximal strength were increased (P < 0.01) in ES but remained unchanged in E. Hopping power decreased in E (P < 0.05). After training, economy (P < 0.05) and hopping power (P < 0.001) were greater in ES than in E. .VO(2max), leg hopping stiffness and the .VO(2) kinetics were not significantly affected by training either in ES or E.
Additional HWT led to improved maximal strength and running economy with no significant effects on the .VO(2) kinetics pattern in heavy exercise.
有人提出耐力训练可通过加速初始阶段和减弱VO₂慢成分来影响重度运动中的跑步经济性（CR）和摄氧量（.VO₂）动力学。然而，重度力量训练（HWT）与耐力训练相结合的效果仍不明确。本研究的目的是探讨同时进行HWT + 耐力训练对耐力运动员CR和VO₂动力学的影响。
15名铁人三项运动员被分配到耐力 + 力量（ES）组或仅耐力（E）训练组，为期14周。训练计划相似，不同之处在于ES组每周进行两次HWT训练。在训练期前后，受试者进行了以下测试：1）递增场地跑步测试，以确定.VO₂max和相关速度（V(.VO₂max)）、第二通气阈值（VT₂）；2）以恒定速度进行3000米跑，速度根据.VO₂max与VT₂差值的25%计算得出，以确定CR和VO₂动力学特征；3）最大单腿跳测试，以确定最大机械功率和下肢刚度；4）最大向心下肢力量测量。
训练期后，ES组的最大力量增加（P < 0.01），而E组保持不变。E组的单腿跳功率下降（P < 0.05）。训练后，ES组的经济性（P < 0.05）和单腿跳功率（P < 0.001）均高于E组。ES组和E组的.VO₂max、腿部单腿跳刚度和VO₂动力学均未受到训练的显著影响。
额外的HWT可提高最大力量和跑步经济性，对重度运动中的VO₂动力学模式无显著影响。
