Littorin Margareta, Welinder Hans, Skarping Gunnar, Dalene Marianne, Skerfving Staffan
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2002 Sep;75(7):468-74. doi: 10.1007/s00420-002-0337-1. Epub 2002 May 18.
To test the hypothesis that exposure to thermal-degradation products of polyurethane (PUR), particularly isocyanates, induced nasal inflammation.
Thirty-eight workers -14 with a history of work-related nasal symptoms (WRS/Nose), and 15 referents without such history - exposed to sprayed and heated PUR glue, were studied with regard to biomarkers of isocyanate exposure [4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (4,4'-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate; MDI) and 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate (TDI), determined as 4,4'-diphenylmethane (U-MDX) and 2,4- and 2,6-toluene (U-2,4 and U-2,6-TDX) diamine in hydrolysed urine and nasal lavage fluid (NAL)], inflammation [albumin; eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP); myeloperoxidase (MPO) and cells in NAL], serum IgG specific for MDI (S-IgG-MDI) and TDI (S-IgG-TDI), and nose symptoms. Nine unexposed office workers were also examined.
The exposure to sprayed and heated PUR glue, especially when heated by gun, was associated with the presence of biomarkers of isocyanate exposure in urine; after work the levels [median (range)] in all workers were: U-MDX 0.32 (<or=0.1-1.5); U-2,6-TDX 0.33 (<or=0.1-0.71) microg/g creatinine. Also, 5/38 workers had detectable levels in NAL. Furthermore, the biomarkers of inflammation in NAL - albumin ( P<or=0.05; Kendall), MPO ( P=0.01), and neutrophils ( P<or=0.01) - showed similar patterns of relationships with the exposure to glue heated by guns. After work, workers who had complained of WRS/Nose had higher levels of albumin (medians 3.5 vs. 1.9 mg/l; P=0.05, Mann-Whitney U-test) and MPO (14 vs. 11 microg/l; P<or=0.05) in NAL than those who had had no such complaints. U-2,6-TDX, as well as S-IgG-MDI and S-IgG-TDI, were associated with increased levels of the inflammation biomarkers, U-2,6-TDX also with the symptoms. As expected, acute symptoms after exposure were associated with the inflammation biomarkers.
The present data indicate that thermal degradation products of PUR induced a 'chronic' rhinitis. At exposure, there was an accentuation of symptoms; the signs of acute inflammation were less obvious.
检验聚氨酯（PUR）热降解产物（尤其是异氰酸酯）会引发鼻腔炎症这一假设。
对38名接触喷雾和加热型PUR胶水的工人进行研究，其中14名有与工作相关的鼻部症状（WRS/鼻）病史，15名无此类病史作为对照，检测异氰酸酯暴露生物标志物[4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯（4,4'-亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯；MDI）以及2,4-和2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI），在水解尿液和鼻腔灌洗液（NAL）中分别测定为4,4'-二苯基甲烷（U-MDX）和2,4-及2,6-甲苯（U-2,4和U-2,6-TDX）二胺]、炎症指标[白蛋白；嗜酸性阳离子蛋白（ECP）；髓过氧化物酶（MPO）以及NAL中的细胞]、血清中针对MDI（S-IgG-MDI）和TDI（S-IgG-TDI）的IgG以及鼻部症状。还对9名未接触的办公室工作人员进行了检查。
接触喷雾和加热型PUR胶水，尤其是用喷枪加热时，与尿液中异氰酸酯暴露生物标志物的存在相关；工作后所有工人的水平[中位数（范围）]为：U-MDX 0.32（≤0.1 - 1.5）；U-2,6-TDX 0.33（≤0.1 - 0.71）微克/克肌酐。此外，38名工人中有5名在NAL中可检测到相关物质。而且，NAL中的炎症生物标志物——白蛋白（P≤0.05；肯德尔检验）、MPO（P = 0.01）和中性粒细胞（P<0.01）——与喷枪加热胶水的接触呈现出相似的关系模式。工作后，曾抱怨有WRS/鼻的工人NAL中的白蛋白水平（中位数3.5对1.9毫克/升；P = 0.05，曼-惠特尼U检验）和MPO水平（14对11微克/升；P≤0.05）高于无此类抱怨的工人。U-2,6-TDX以及S-IgG-MDI和S-IgG-TDI与炎症生物标志物水平升高相关，U-2,6-TDX也与症状相关。正如预期的那样，接触后的急性症状与炎症生物标志物相关。
目前的数据表明PUR的热降解产物会引发“慢性”鼻炎。接触时症状会加重；急性炎症迹象不太明显。
Zotero 插件