Kagan Lori J, Aiello Allison E, Larson Elaine
Department of Epidemiology, Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
J Community Health. 2002 Aug;27(4):247-67. doi: 10.1023/a:1016378226861.
The purpose of this paper is to examine current health care literature (1980-2000) regarding the microbiology of the home environment, to summarize evidence of transmission within the home, and to assess effectiveness of cleaning practices and products. The home environment, particularly the kitchen and bathroom, serves as a reservoir of large numbers of microorganisms, particularly Enterobacteriacae, and infectious disease transmission has been demonstrated to occur in 6-60% of households in which one member is ill. Current food preparation and cleaning practices provide multiple opportunities for intra-household member spread. Routine cleaning is often sufficient, but in cases of household infection, may not adequately reduce environmental contamination. The effectiveness of disinfectants varies considerably and depends on how they are used as well as their intrinsic efficacy. The behavioral aspects of infection prevention in the home (e.g., foodhandling and cleaning practices) warrant increased public attention and education.
本文旨在研究当前(1980 - 2000年)关于家庭环境微生物学的医疗保健文献,总结家庭内部传播的证据,并评估清洁措施和产品的有效性。家庭环境,尤其是厨房和浴室,是大量微生物的储存库,特别是肠杆菌科细菌,并且已证明在有一名家庭成员患病的家庭中,6% - 60%会发生传染病传播。当前的食物制备和清洁措施为家庭成员之间的传播提供了多种机会。常规清洁通常就足够了,但在家庭感染的情况下,可能无法充分减少环境污染。消毒剂的有效性差异很大,这取决于其使用方式及其内在功效。家庭感染预防的行为方面(例如,食品处理和清洁措施)值得公众更多关注和教育。