Martí-Carvajal Arturo, Peña-Martí Guiomar, Comunian Gabriela, Muñoz Sergio
Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Universidad de Carabobo, Ciudad Hospitalaria Dr. Enrique Tejera, Venezuela.
Arch Latinoam Nutr. 2002 Mar;52(1):5-11.
To determine the prevalence of anemia during pregnancy in Venezuelan pregnant women. By using a cross-sectional study, 630 Venezuelan pregnant women in their third trimester at labor from the Valencia Anemia during Pregnancy Study were studied. Anemia during pregnancy was defined according to WHO guidelines (Hb < 11 g/dl), iron deficiency was considered when serum ferritin level was < 12 ng/ml, and when serum folate level was < 3 ng/ml, it was considered as folate deficiency. 630 pregnant women (mean [+/- SD] age, 24 +/- 6.4 years) having an average of Hb 11.38 +/- 1.47 g/dl [95%CI = 11.27 to 11.50] were studied. No patient had hemolytic anemia nor clinical infections. Almost all patients were from low or very low socioeconomic status. Prevalence of anemia was 34.44% (severe: 1.8%, moderate: 15.2%, and mild: 83%). Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was present in 39.2% (95%CI = 32.7 to 45.7), prevalence of folate deficiency anemia (FDA) was 11.98% (95%CI = 7.6% to 16.3%). Combined anemia (IDA and FDA) occurred in 11.52% (95%CI = 7.27% to 15.7%). Multivariate analysis showed that multiparous (odds ratio -OR-: 1.95, 95%CI = 1.28 to 2.97, p = .002) and supplement use of iron (OR: .55 (95%CI = .33 to .91, p = .02) are associated with IDA. The factors associated with FDA were: supplement use of folic acid (OR: .37 (95%CI = .19 to .71, p = .003) and appropriate prenatal control (OR: .51 95%CI = .27 to .96, p = .04). Prevalence of anemia during pregnancy was found to be high. Educational efforts should be stressed in order to encourage improvements in the prenatal care visits.
确定委内瑞拉孕妇孕期贫血的患病率。采用横断面研究方法，对来自瓦伦西亚孕期贫血研究中630名处于孕晚期即将分娩的委内瑞拉孕妇进行了研究。孕期贫血根据世界卫生组织指南定义（血红蛋白<11 g/dl），血清铁蛋白水平<12 ng/ml时考虑缺铁，血清叶酸水平<3 ng/ml时考虑叶酸缺乏。研究了630名孕妇（平均年龄[±标准差]为24±6.4岁），其平均血红蛋白为11.38±1.47 g/dl[95%置信区间=11.27至11.50]。无患者患有溶血性贫血或临床感染。几乎所有患者来自社会经济地位低或极低的阶层。贫血患病率为34.44%（重度：1.8%，中度：15.2%，轻度：83%）。缺铁性贫血（IDA）患病率为39.2%（95%置信区间=32.7至45.7），叶酸缺乏性贫血（FDA）患病率为11.98%（95%置信区间=7.6%至16.3%）。合并贫血（IDA和FDA）发生率为11.52%（95%置信区间=7.27%至15.7%）。多因素分析显示，经产妇（比值比-OR-：1.95，95%置信区间=1.28至2.97，p = 0.002）和铁剂补充使用（OR：0.55（95%置信区间=0.33至0.91，p = 0.02）与IDA相关。与FDA相关的因素为：叶酸补充使用（OR：0.37（95%置信区间=0.19至0.71，p = 0.003）和适当的产前检查（OR：0.51 95%置信区间=0.27至0.96，p = 0.04）。发现孕期贫血患病率较高。应强调教育努力，以鼓励改善产前检查就诊情况。
