Enawgaw Bamlaku, Birhanie Meseret, Terefe Betelihem, Asrie Fikir
Clin Lab. 2019 Apr 1;65(4). doi: 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2018.180822.
Anemia, particularly pregnancy related iron deficiency anemia, increases the risk of maternal morbidity and mortality and the effects are more devastating in less developed and developing continents where pregnant women have low socioeconomic status. Thus, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of anemia and iron deficiency anemia among pregnant women.
This institution based, cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1 to April 30, 2015 on a total of 217 pregnant women attending at University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. A structured, pretested questionnaire was used to obtain sociodemographic information, nutritional factors, obstetrics and gynecological factors, and clinical condition. About 3 mL blood sample was collected for hemoglobin and serum ferritin deter-mination. Hgb concentrations and other RBC parameters were analyzed using a Cell Dyne 1800 hematology analyzer. Serum ferritin was measured by an automated Elecsys 1,020 using commercial kits. The data was entered to Epi info version 3.5.3 software and analyzed using SPSS 20. Frequency, proportion, and summery statistics was used to describe the study population in relation to study variables. Bi-variable and multi-variable statistical analysis was used. P-value < 0.05 was considered as statically significant.
Out of 217 women enrolled in the study, 28 (12.9%) were found to be anemic with 75% mild, 21.4% moderate and 3.6% severe type of anemia. Anemia was more prevalent in the first (21%) and third (17.9%) trimesters. The overall prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was 3.2% (7/217) while from anemic pregnant women one fourth (25%) of them developed iron deficiency anemia.
The overall prevalence of anemia was low and it was considered a mild public health problem. In this study, there were no statistically associated risk factors for anemia. Based on this finding, iron supplementation should be encouraged as a prophylactic measure.
贫血，尤其是与妊娠相关的缺铁性贫血，会增加孕产妇发病和死亡的风险，而在社会经济地位较低的欠发达和发展中大陆，这种影响更为严重。因此，本研究旨在评估孕妇贫血和缺铁性贫血的患病率及相关因素。
本研究为基于机构的横断面研究，于2015年1月1日至4月30日对埃塞俄比亚西北部贡德尔大学医院的217名孕妇进行。使用经过预测试的结构化问卷获取社会人口学信息、营养因素、妇产科因素和临床状况。采集约3毫升血液样本用于血红蛋白和血清铁蛋白测定。使用Cell Dyne 1800血液分析仪分析血红蛋白浓度和其他红细胞参数。使用商业试剂盒通过自动Elecsys 1020测定血清铁蛋白。数据录入Epi info 3.5.3软件，并使用SPSS 20进行分析。使用频率、比例和汇总统计来描述与研究变量相关的研究人群。采用双变量和多变量统计分析。P值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
在纳入研究的217名女性中，发现28名（12.9%）贫血，其中75%为轻度贫血，21.4%为中度贫血，3.6%为重度贫血。贫血在孕早期（21%）和孕晚期（17.9%）更为普遍。缺铁性贫血的总体患病率为3.2%（7/217），而在贫血孕妇中，四分之一（25%）患有缺铁性贫血。
贫血的总体患病率较低，被认为是一个轻度的公共卫生问题。在本研究中，没有发现与贫血有统计学关联的危险因素。基于这一发现，应鼓励补充铁剂作为预防措施。
