Kay S R, Singh M M
Br J Soc Clin Psychol. 1975 Nov;14(4):387-99. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1975.tb00195.x.
Two developmentally based tests were devised to study the nature of schizophrenic cognitive dysfunction within a psychopharmacolgical framework and to relate the data to developmental and psychophysiological models. The Colour-Form Preference Test was designed to evaluate cognitive style in terms of early maturational stages and provided a subscale for assessing arousal-related cognitive growth. The Egocentricity of Thought Test, adapted from Piaget's developmental study of right-left positional concepts, enabled investigation in terms of the later stages of cognitive growth. These and other clinical measures were taken of schizophrenic patients at various points of treatment and also administered to a non-psychotic comparison group. Test results supported their validity, reliability, longitudinal sensitivity and capacity for nosological and prognostic discriminations. The data also suggested a distinction between two components of schizophrenic cognitive dysfunction -- one drug-sensitive, which could be considered as arousal-related, and the other drug-resistant, which might best be described as developmental. A two-factor model encompassing the psychophysiological and developmental hypotheses is thus offered as a more comprehensive representation of the cognitive disorder.
设计了两项基于发育的测试，以在心理药理学框架内研究精神分裂症认知功能障碍的本质，并将数据与发育和心理生理模型相关联。颜色-形状偏好测试旨在根据早期成熟阶段评估认知风格，并提供一个子量表来评估与唤醒相关的认知发展。思维自我中心性测试改编自皮亚杰对左右位置概念的发育研究，能够根据认知发展的后期阶段进行调查。在治疗的不同阶段对精神分裂症患者进行了这些及其他临床测量，并对一个非精神病对照组也进行了测量。测试结果支持了它们的有效性、可靠性、纵向敏感性以及进行疾病分类和预后判断的能力。数据还表明精神分裂症认知功能障碍的两个组成部分之间存在区别——一个对药物敏感，可被视为与唤醒相关；另一个对药物耐药，可能最好被描述为发育性的。因此，提出了一个包含心理生理和发育假说的双因素模型，作为对认知障碍更全面的表述。
