Mahaffey K R, Corneliussen P E, Jelinek C F, Fiorino J A
Environ Health Perspect. 1975 Dec;12:63-9. doi: 10.1289/ehp.751263.
The Food and Drug Administration has a continuing program of monitoring foods for their content of lead, cadmium, mercury, zinc, arsenic, and selenium to determine trends of increasing or decreasing levels. The monitoring protocol is that of the Total Diet Study, in which "market baskets" of typical foods and beverages consumed by 15- to 20-year-old American males are collected in various geographical locations at regular intervals during the year, divided into food classes, composited, and analyzed. Cadmium has the most widespread distribution of the six heavy metals and mercury the most limited. The analytical values for lead may be underestimated because of limitations of the methodology; these do not apply to the other five elements. A tabulation by year shows that the levels of these elements in foods do not vary significantly from one year to the next. Average intakes of lead, cadmium, and mercury are below the WHO/FAO tolerable intakes for adults; such tolerable intakes have not been established for arsenic and selenium. Increases in concentrations of these elements in foods would be considered undesirable, however.
美国食品药品监督管理局有一个持续的项目，监测食品中的铅、镉、汞、锌、砷和硒含量，以确定含量上升或下降的趋势。监测方案采用总膳食研究方案，即每年定期在不同地理位置收集15至20岁美国男性食用的典型食品和饮料的“市场篮子”，将其分为食品类别、混合并进行分析。镉是六种重金属中分布最广的，汞的分布最有限。由于方法的局限性，铅的分析值可能被低估；这些局限性不适用于其他五种元素。按年份列表显示，食品中这些元素的含量逐年变化不大。铅、镉和汞的平均摄入量低于世界卫生组织/联合国粮农组织规定的成年人可耐受摄入量；砷和硒尚未确定此类可耐受摄入量。然而，食品中这些元素浓度的增加将被视为不良现象。
