Siedler Anette, Hermann Monika, Schmitt Heinz-Josef, Von Kries Rudiger
Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases Unit, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2002 Sep;21(9):826-30. doi: 10.1097/00006454-200209000-00008.
In recent surveillance data there are still many cases of measles and even local epidemics in Germany. We studied whether delayed measles vaccination contributes to this situation.
Vaccine coverage data in children <3 years of age were assessed by a telephone survey. Three data sources for measles surveillance were analyzed: official measles notifications; sentinel data; and official hospital discharge diagnoses.
After the time recommended for completion of measles vaccination at Month 15, only 22% of German children had received their first vaccine dose. This percentage increased to 77% at the age of 24 months and to 87% at 36 months of age. According to all three surveillance instruments, the number of measles cases was highest in children age 1 to 4 years with a peak in the second year of life.
More than 50% of measles cases in 1-year-old children would be prevented if presently observed vaccine coverage rates in the third year of life could be achieved 12 months earlier. Delayed measles vaccination is responsible for a large number of measles cases still occurring in the German population, where measles has not yet been eliminated. If vaccination were delivered according to the recommended time schedule, the incidence of measles would be considerably reduced.
在德国近期的监测数据中，仍有许多麻疹病例，甚至出现了局部流行。我们研究了麻疹疫苗接种延迟是否导致了这种情况。
通过电话调查评估3岁以下儿童的疫苗接种覆盖率。分析了麻疹监测的三个数据来源：官方麻疹通报；哨点数据；以及官方医院出院诊断。
在建议的15月龄完成麻疹疫苗接种时间之后，只有22%的德国儿童接种了第一剂疫苗。这一比例在24月龄时升至77%，在36月龄时升至87%。根据所有三种监测手段，麻疹病例数在1至4岁儿童中最高，在生命的第二年达到峰值。
如果能在比目前观察到的生命第三年疫苗接种覆盖率提前12个月实现该覆盖率，那么1岁儿童中超过50%的麻疹病例将可避免。麻疹疫苗接种延迟是德国人群中仍有大量麻疹病例出现的原因，德国尚未消除麻疹。如果按照推荐的时间表进行疫苗接种，麻疹发病率将大幅降低。
